物理化学学报 >> 1993, Vol. 9 >> Issue (03): 392-397.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB19930319

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

氯苯类化合物在盐水溶液中的活度系数

谢文蕙; 郑子勤; 汤鸣; 李东   

  1. 北京大学化学系，北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:1991-12-29 修回日期:1992-11-25 发布日期:1993-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 谢文蕙

Studies on Activity Coeficients of Chlorobenzene System in Aqueous salt Solutions

Xie Wen-Hui; Zheng Zi-Qin; Tang Ming; Li Dong   

  1. Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871
  • Received:1991-12-29 Revised:1992-11-25 Published:1993-06-15
  • Contact: Xie Wen-Hui

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摘要： 在25.00±0.01 ℃下用紫外、可见分光光度法分别测定了氯苯(CB)、m-二氯苯(mDCB)、p-二氯苯(pDCB)、1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)在NaCl、KCl、Na_2CO_3、K_2SO_4、CaCl_2盐水溶液及氯苯在Et_4NBr水溶液中的话度系数, 得出盐效应常数. 除Et_4NBr对氯苯呈盐溶作用, 其余均为盐析作用. 盐析次序大致为K_2SO_4>Na_2CO_3>CaCl_2>NaCl>KCl. 计算了盐效应常数的各种理论值, 与实验值进行比较, 进一步证实了改进后的内压力理论值更接近实际. 同时也讨论了这些数据在环保中的应用.

关键词: 活度系数, 盐效应, 氯苯类化合物

Abstract: The activity coefficients of chlorobenzene, m-,p-dichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-tri-chlorobenzene in NaCl, KCl, Na_2CO_3, K_2SO_4 and CaCl_2 aqueous salt solutions, and chlorobenzcne in Et_4NBr have been determined at 298.15 K by spectrophotometry.
The chlorobenzene in Et_4NBr aqueous salt solution is salting-in, while others are salting-out. The experimentsl salting-out orders are as follows: K_2SO_4>Na_2Co_3>CaCl_2>NaCl>KCl. These results are compared with the calculated results of Debye-McAulay and Conway-Desnoyers-Smith electrostatic theories; Masterton-Lee scaled particle theory. McDevit-Long internal pressure theory and modified internal pressure theory. It is verified that the modified internal pressure theory coincides with the experimental value better.

Key words: Activity coefficient, Salt effect, Chlorobenzene system