基团贡献法在估算反应热过程中的系统性验证及校正

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB201603162

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在进行化工过程危险评估和安全设计时，反应热是一项非常重要的热力学参数。通常情况有两种方法获得反应热：量热法与估算法。相比来说，量热法的结果更精确，但所需时间和费用较多，也经常由于实验条件的限制无法进行；而估算法相比来说更便捷，但结果却不够准确。基团贡献法(GCM)就是一种常见的估算法。为了系统地研究估算法的准确度，从而使其能够在工业生产中对反应热进行初筛，本文分别通过量热实验法和GCM估算得到了包括11种常见反应类型在内的33个反应的反应热，并对结果进行了详细对比；按照反应类型对量热结果(Q_calorimetry)和估算结果(Q_GCM)之间的误差进行了总结；根据相对误差范围，反应类型被分为不同的组从而能够将Q_GCM校正为Q_calorimetry；并且针对不同的反应类型，提出了一些校正系数将QGCM校正为Q_recommended (Q_r)，使得GCM在工业应用中，量热方法不方便的时候可以服务生产。最后，本文对误差来源进行了详细的分析，并且为如何能够估算得更准确提出了一些建议。

关键词: 反应热, 量热, 基团贡献法, 误差分析, 校正系数

Abstract:

Reaction heat (Q) is an important parameter in chemical thermodynamics that is widely used in the hazard evaluation and safety design of chemical processes. Reaction heats can be obtained by either calorimetry or estimation. Calorimetry is generally more accurate, but is time-consuming, and sometimes precluded by the experimental conditions. By comparison, estimation techniques are quick and convenient, but are necessarily less accurate. The group contribution method (GCM) is one of the most commonly used estimation techniques. To investigate the accuracy of the estimations and make a primary screening of reaction heats for the industrial application of the GCM, calorimetric measurements of 33 reactions of 11 reaction types, including hydrogenation, reduction, nitration, oxidation, amidation, amination, ester hydrolysis, nitrogen substitution, ring-opening, and esterification, were conducted. The 33 reaction heats were also estimated by the GCM, and were compared with the calorimetric results. The relative errors between calorimetry (Q_calorimetry) and the GCM (Q_GCM) were also summarized for the different types of reactions. According to the range of relative errors, the reaction types were divided into different groups for calibrating Q_GCM to Q_calorimetry. Some recommended correction coefficients were proposed to correct Q_GCM to Q_recommended (Q_r) for the different types of reactions, which could be employed in industrial settings where experimental results are difficult to acquire. Finally, the sources of error between Q_calorimetry and Q_GCM were analyzed, and advice for making accurate estimations was proposed for future work.

Key words: Reaction heat, Calorimetry, Group contribution method, Error analysis, Correction coefficient

MSC2000:

O642

王睿,郝琳,杨晓武,郭子超,白文帅,李帅,卫宏远. 基团贡献法在估算反应热过程中的系统性验证及校正[J]. 物理化学学报, 2016, 32(6): 1404-1415.

Rui WANG,Lin HAO,Xiao-Wu YANG,Zi-Chao GUO,Wen-Shuai BAI,Shuai LI,Hong-Yuan WEI. Systematic Verification and Correction of the Group Contribution Method for Estimating Chemical Reaction Heats[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2016, 32(6): 1404-1415.

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