锂-空气电池的实用化之路：规避二氧化碳负面效应

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009071

Abstract

Abstract:

The gradual popularization of new energy technologies has led to rapid development in the field of electric transportation. At present, the demand for high-power density batteries is increasing and next-generation higher-energy battery chemistries aimed at replacing current lithium-ion batteries are emerging. The lithium-air batteries (LABs) are thought to be the ultimate energy conversion and storage system, because of their highest theoretical specific energy compared with other known battery systems. Current LABs are operated with pure O₂ provided by weighty O₂ cylinders instead of the breathing air, and this configuration would greatly undermine LAB's energy density and practicality. However, when the breathing air is used as O₂ feed for LABs, CO₂, as an inevitable impurity therein, usually leads to severe parasitic reactions and can easily deteriorate the performance of LABs. Specifically, Li₂O₂ will react with CO₂ to form Li₂CO₃ on the cathode surface. Compared with the desired discharge product Li₂O₂, the Li₂CO₃ is an insulating solid, which will accumulate and finally passivate the electrode surface leading to the "sudden death" phenomenon of LABs. Moreover, Li₂CO₃ is hard to decompose and a high overpotential is required to charge LABs containing Li₂CO₃ compounds, which not only degrades energy efficiency but also decomposes other battery components (e.g., cathode materials and electrolytes). In recent years, researchers have proposed many strategies to alleviate the negative effects brought about by Li₂CO₃, such as catalyst engineering, electrolyte design, and so on, in which O₂ selective permeable membranes are worth noting. This review summarizes the recent progresses on the understanding of the CO₂-related chemistry and electrochemistry in LABs and describes the various strategies to mitigate and even avoid the negative effects of CO₂. The perspective of CO₂ separation technology using selective permeable membranes/filters in the context of LABs is also discussed.

Key words: Lithium-air battery, Reaction mechanism, CO₂ separation

MSC2000:

O649

Tianjie Wang, Yaowei Wang, Yuhui Chen, Jianpeng Liu, Huibing Shi, Limin Guo, Zhiwei Zhao, Chuntai Liu, Zhangquan Peng. Toward Practical Lithium-Air Batteries by Avoiding Negative Effects of CO₂[J].Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2022, 38(8): 2009071.

Figures/Tables 9

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Toward Practical Lithium-Air Batteries by Avoiding Negative Effects of CO₂

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