Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 2009099.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009099
Special Issue: Electrocatalysis
• REVIEW • Previous Articles Next Articles
Transition Metal Nitrides: Activity Origin, Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Applications
Rui Qin1,2, Pengyan Wang1, Can Lin1, Fei Cao1, Jinyong Zhang1, Lei Chen1,*(
), Shichun Mu1,2,*()
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2 Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, Guangdong Province, China
-
Received:2020-09-29Accepted:2020-10-31Published:2020-11-09 -
Contact:Lei Chen,Shichun Mu E-mail:CHL0588@163.com;msc@whut.edu.cn -
About author:Email: msc@whut.edu.cn (S.M.), Tel.: +86-13720130760 (S.M.)
Email: CHL0588@163.com (L.C.), Tel.:+86-13507117678 (L.C.)
-
Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672204);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075223)
MSC2000:
- O643
Cite this article
Rui Qin, Pengyan Wang, Can Lin, Fei Cao, Jinyong Zhang, Lei Chen, Shichun Mu. Transition Metal Nitrides: Activity Origin, Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Applications[J].Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(7): 2009099.
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Fig 1
(a) Schematic illustration of the synthetic strategy of mesoporous nitrides. The TEM images of (b) Co3O4, (c) WO3, (d) Cr2O3, (e) Ni3FeOx and (f) CoN, (g) WN, (h) CrN, (i) Ni3FeN. Adapted with permission from Ref. 45. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (j) Synthesis process of δ-MoN, (k) The XRD patterns of δ-MoN, wherein (A) represents the XRD pattern of as-prepared amorphous MoO2 precursor (B) represents the XRD pattern of crystallization in argon atmosphere at 400 ℃ for 4 h and (C) represents the XRD pattern of nitridation at 600 ℃ for 5 h. Adapted with permission from Ref. 46. Copyright 2012, Elsevier. (l) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of 2D-layered TMNs. Adapted with permission from Ref. 57. Copyright 2020, Elsevier."
Fig 2
(a, b) Schematic illustration of synthesis of porous Co3FeNx/NC LACC, (c–e) SEM images of Co3FeNx-10/NC LACC, (f) Polarization curves of Co3FeNx/NC LACC, Co4N/NC LACC, Fe/ZIF-67 LACC, CC and RuO2/CC, (g) Tafel slopes of Co3FeNx/NC LACC, Co4N/NC LACC, Fe/ZIF-67 LACC and RuO2/CC. Adapted with permission from Ref. 52. Copyright 2020, Elsevier."
Fig 3
(a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of NiO-Ni3N/g-C3N4. Characterization of NiO-Ni3N/g-C3N4: (b) HRTEM image of NiO-Ni3N heterogeneous interface, (c) energy dispersive X-ray element mapping images. Adapted with permission from Ref. 65. Copyright 2020, Elsevier."
Fig 4
Characterization of Ni3N bulk and sheet: (a, b) the calculation models, (c) free energy diagram of HER, (d) polariation curves, (e) Tafel slopes, (f) Nyquist plots, (g) the capacitivecurrent density as a function of scan rate, (h) stability test, (i) potentiostatic measurements with the overpotential of 100 mV. Adapted with permission from Ref. 69. Copyright 2016, The Royal Society of Chemistry."
Fig 5
LSV curves of Mo5N6, MoN, Ni0.2Mo0.8N, Ni3N, and commerical Pt/C electrodes measured in (a) 1 mol·L−1 KOH, (b) 0.5 mol·L−1 H2SO4 and (c) 1 mol·L−1 PBS, (d) LSV curves of Mo5N6, MoN, Ni0.2Mo0.8N, Ni3N, and commerical Pt/C electrodes in natural seawater, (e) overpotentials of different kinds of Mo5N6 catalysts at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, (f) chronoamperometric curve of Mo5N6 over 100 h under an applied potential of 310 mV. Adapted with permission from Ref. 70. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (g) AFM images of Cu-Mo3N2. HER performance of various Mo3N2 films in (h) 0.5 mol·L−1 Na2SO4, (i) 1.8 mol·L−1 buffer of pH 5. Adapted with permission from Ref. 37. Copyright 2018, Elsevier."
Fig 6
(a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of CeO2/Co4N, (b) TEM image of CeO2, (c) HRTEM image of CeO2-Co4N heterogeneous interface, (d) LSV curves of CeO2−x/Co4N (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) in 1 mol·L−1 KOH solution, (e) the Gibbs adsorption free energy of H2O on Co4N and CeO2/Co4N (111) surface, (f) the calculated water dissociation barriers on CeO2/Co4N and Co4N, respectively, (g) the calculated density of states (DOS) of Co4N and CeO2/Co4N, (h) free energy diagram of HER on Co4N and Vo-CeO2/Co4N. Adapted with permission from Ref. 71. Copyright 2020, Elsevier."
Fig 7
(a) Low and (b) High-magnification SEM images of Co4N NW/CC, (c) IR-corrected polarization curves, (d) Tafel plots in 1 mol·L−1 KOH solution. Adapted with permission from Ref. 76. Copyright 2015, WILEY-VCH. (e) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of Co2N0.67 NFWs, (f) SEM image, (g) iR-corrected LSV polarization curves of different electrocatalysts. Adapted with permission from Ref. 77. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. (h) iR-corrected LSV polarization curves of different electrocatalysts, (i–l) SEM image and EDX elemental mapping images of Co, Fe, and N elements, (m) EDX spectrum, (n) XRD pattern, (o) SEM image of CoFe(3:1)-precursor, (p) schematic reaction pathway of oxygen evolution on Co atom of CoFe(3:1)-N edges in alkaline environment. Adapted with permission from Ref. 60. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society."
Fig 8
STEM-EELS analysis of the nitride-core and oxide-shell of Co4N/C. (a) HAADF-STEM image of one Co4N nanoparticle, (b–f) The corresponding EELS elemental maps of (d) Co in blue, (e) N in red, (f) O in green. Composite maps of (b) Co vs. N (c) O vs. N, respectively. (g) ORR polarization profiles of Co2N/C, Co3N/C, Co4N/C, Co3O4/C, and Pt/C. Adapted with permission from Ref. 82. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. Characterization of NixN thin films (h) Cross-sectional and (i) top-down SEM micrographs and (j) XRD pattern (k) ORR polarization curves and H2O2 current density for nickel nitride. Adapted with permission from Ref. 84. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. (l) Schematic illustration for the preparation of Ni-CoN@NC; (m) LSV curves of Ni-CoN@NC. Adapted with permission from Ref. 90. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society."
Fig 9
(a) Schematic illustration of the synthesis routes of the FeOOH/Ni3N hybrid catalysts, (b) HER performance, (c) OER performance. Adapted with permission from Ref. 94. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (d) Schematic of preparation process of Ni3Fe, Ni3FeN, and NiFeOx grown on carbon cloth. SEM images of (e, f) Ni3FeN/CC, (g, h) Ni3Fe/CC, and (i, j) NiFeOx/CC. (k) HER performance, (l) OER performance. Adapted with permission from Ref. 98. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (m) OER performance of NF-NH3, Ni3Fe LDHs, Ni3Fe LDHs-Ar, and Ni3FeN (n) HER performance. Adapted with permission from Ref. 49. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society."
Fig 10
(a) Schematic illustration for the synthesis procedure of Co4N@NC, (b) RRDE curves of Co4N@NC-1, Co4N@NC-2, Co4N@NC-3, Co4N@NC-4, Co@NC-2 and Pt/C (c) LSV curves of OER. Adapted with permission from Ref. 101. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (d) Schematic illustration of synthetic process for Co@Co4N/MnO-NC (e) LSV curves of Co@Co4N-NC, Co@Co4N/MnO-NC, Co@Co4N/H-MnO-NC and Pt/C catalyst for ORR catalytic performance (f) OER polarization profiles. Adapted with permission from Ref. 54. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (g, h) SEM images of the NC-Co/CoNx nanoarrays; (i) oxygen evolution and (j) oxygen reduction polarization curves. Adapted with permission from Ref. 58. Copyright 2019, Elsevier."
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