Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 2101013.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202101013
Special Issue: Graphene: Functions and Applications
• REVIEW • Previous Articles Next Articles
Houfu Song1, Feiyu Kang1,2,3,*()
Received:
2021-01-07
Accepted:
2021-02-08
Published:
2021-02-25
Contact:
Feiyu Kang
E-mail:fykang@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn
About author:
Feiyu Kang. Email: fykang@sz.tsinghua.edu.cnSupported by:
MSC2000:
Houfu Song, Feiyu Kang. Recent Progress on Thermal Conduction of Graphene[J].Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2022, 38(1): 2101013.
Table 1
A summary of measurement result on graphene thermal conductivity."
Sample | Thermal conductivity (W·m-1·K-1) | Measurement method | Preparation method |
Suspended | |||
Single-layer graphene | 5300 ± 480 | Raman | Mechanical exfoliation |
Single-layer graphene | 2500 + 1100/-1050 | Raman | CVD |
2-layer graphene | 620 ± 80 | Suspended-pad | Mechanical exfoliation |
Single-layer graphene | 1689 ± 100 | Suspended-pad | CVD |
Supported | |||
Single-layer graphene | 579 ± 34 | Suspended-pad | Mechanical exfoliation, SiO2 substrate |
Single-layer graphene | 630 | Raman | Mechanical exfoliation, SiO2 substrate |
Single-layer graphene | 370 + 650/-320 | Raman | CVD, Au/SiNx substrate |
3-layer graphene | 327 | Suspended-pad | Mechanical exfoliation, SiNx substrate |
Bulk | |||
Multi-layer graphene | 1930 ± 1400 | TDTR | Mechanical exfoliation, thickness 194 nm |
HOPG | 1800 | TDTR | Bulk |
HOPG | 1861 ± 744 | TDTR | Bulk |
HOPG | 1843 | TDTR | Bulk |
Graphene film | 1100 | Laser flash | Reduced graphene oxide |
Graphene film | 1940 | Laser flash | Reduced graphene oxide |
Fig 1
Scheme of setups for different thermal measurements 49. (a) Optothermal Raman method. (b) Suspended-pad method. (c) Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) method, where blue and orange lines represent pump and probe laser beams, respectively. (d) Laser flash method, where the left and right parts illustrate measurements of in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities. Adapted with permission from Ref. 49, Copyright 2018, Elsevier."
Fig 2
The impact of length and thickness on graphene thermal conductivity 56, 63. (a) Calculated thermal conductivity for few-layer graphene vs layer number N for N = 1–5 (black circles). Also shown are the per-branch contributions for ZA (red triangles), TA (green squares), and LA (blue diamonds) branches. The corresponding calculated graphite values are shown by the horizontal lines. (b) Calculated thermal conductivity for graphene (N = 1, solid black curve), bilayer graphene (N = 2, dashed red curve), and 4-layer graphene (N = 4, dotted blue curve) as a function of sample length L for T = 300 K. On this scale, the N = 3 and N= 5 curves cannot be distinguished from that for N = 4. Thermal conductivity of graphene as a function of (c) sample length and (d) thickness. Adapted with permission from Ref. 56, Copyright 2011, American Physical Society and Ref. 63, Copyright 2018, American Physical Society."
Fig 3
The preparation and characterization of highly thermal conductive graphene film 76. (a) Graphene film roll with 4.5-inch width (i) made by electrospray deposition integrated with a roll-to-roll process. (b) Cross-sectional SEM image of pristine graphene film made by electrospray deposition showing a layer-by-layer assembly. (f) image of pristine graphene film, graphene film annealed at 1800 ℃ (middle) and 2200 ℃ (right). (d–e) Electrical and thermal properties of freestanding graphene films: (d) Graphene film without thermal annealing and (e) annealed graphene film. The increased density is caused by mechanical press resulting in a more film compact structure. (c–e), Defect recovery, removal of functional groups and improvement of crystallinity of freestanding graphene film by high temperature annealing: (c) Raman spectra, (d) XPS and (e) XRD patterns of the as‐made graphene films and high temperature annealed graphene films. The magnified (by 5 times) O 1s peak has been shown in (d) on the right top of each XPS spectrum. The XRD pattern of pure graphite is included in (e) for comparison. Adapted with permission from Ref. 76, Copyright 2014, John Wiley and Sons."
Fig 4
The preparation, characterization and thermal feature of graphene film with a thickness of over 100 μm 81. (a) Schematic of the fabrication process of the ultrathick GF and photographs at each step. Scale bar from top to bottom: 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 cm. (b–e) A series of thick films pasted with different layers, including 6 layers (b), 12 layers (c), 16 layers (d) and 24 layers (e). (f) Mechanism diagram of the fusion between the two nano-thick films. (g) TEM image of the cross section of an individual 30 nm nano-thick GF. (h, i) TEM images of the pasted 60 nm nano-thick GF, revealing the robust coalescence of the two 30 nm thick films at the contact interface. (j) Infrared thermal image of GFs and metallic foils. The right three samples have a thickness of 200 μm, attached vertically on a constant temperature heat source. (k) Temperature of the graphite bulk versus time when it was heated by 24-layer PGF, 16-layer PGF, 12-layer PGF, 6-layer PGF and single thin PGF. Adapted with permission from Ref. 81, Copyright 2020, Elsevier."
Table 2
A summary of study on thermal conductive graphene paper."
Material | Thermal conductivity/(W·m-1·K-1) | Preparation method |
GO | 2025 | Doctor-blade, 3000 ℃ annealing reduction +3000 ℃ second annealing reduction |
GO | 1940 | Casting, 3000 ℃ annealing reduction |
GO | 1100 | Evaporation, 2000 ℃ annealing reduction |
GO | 1283–1434 | Electro-spray deposition,2850 ℃ annealing reduction |
GO | 1390 | Vacuum filtration, HI reduction |
Graphene | 1529 | Ball milling,2850 ℃ annealing reduction |
GO | 1224 | Doctor-blade, film paste Hot pressing + 2800 ℃ annealing reduction |
Fig 5
Using graphene foam as 3D thermal conductive network for polymer-based composite 11, 117. (a) SEM image of UGF before wax filling. (b) SEM of UGF-wax composite. (c) SEM image of UGF-CNT hybrid structure. (d) SEM image of UGF-CNT/erythritol composites. (e) thermal diffusivity, and (f) thermal conductivity of erythritol, UGF/erythritol, and UGF-CNT/erythritol, containing additional data for powdered UGF/erythritol, powdered UGF-CNT/erythritol, and UGF-NBCNT/erythritol composites. Adapted with permission from Refs. 11, 117, Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry and Ref. 90, Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society."
Table 3
A summary of highly thermal conductive composite with graphene filler."
Fillers | Loading | Thermal conductivity/(W·m-1·K-1) | Method |
rGO | 25% (x) | 6.4 | Mixing |
rGO | 20% (w) | 5.8 | Silane functionalized |
Graphene | 10% (x) | 5.1 | Sodium cholate functionalized |
rGO | 5% (w) | 1.1 | [polyimide] NH2-functionalized, in situ polymerization |
Expanded graphite | 25% (w) | 3.8 | Silane functionalized |
rGO | 4% (w) | 1.9 | Pyrene derivatives functionalized |
Graphene + CNT | 20% (x) + 20% (x) | 6.3 | GNP, multi-walled carbon nanotube |
GO | 10% (w) | 0.2 | Hot pressed |
Graphene 3D network | 1.23% (x) | 3.2 | [Wax] CVD grown, annealed |
Graphene + CNT 3D network | 15.8% (x) (in total) | 4.1 | [Erythritol] CVD grown, annealed |
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