Detection Sensitivity to Benzo[a]pyrene of Nanoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin-Film Waveguide Resonance Sensor

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB201706091

Acta Physico-Chimica Sinca

2017, Vol. 33

Issue (12): 2523-2531 DOI: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201706091

ARTICLE

Detection Sensitivity to Benzo[a]pyrene of Nanoporous TiO₂ Thin-Film Waveguide Resonance Sensor

Xiu-Mei WAN^1,²,Li WANG^1,²,Xiao-Qing GONG^1,²,Dan-Feng LU¹,Zhi-Mei QI^1,*(

)

¹ State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China

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Abstract

Nanoporous TiO₂ (NPT) films with a thickness of about 295 nm were prepared through the sol-gel copolymer-templating approach on a 40-nm-thick gold film sputtered on a glass substrate for optical waveguide resonance (OWR) sensing. Using the prism-coupled Kretschmann configuration, a single resonance dip was observed in the wavelength range from visible to near infrared, which was attributed to the second order transverse magnetic mode of the OWR chip based on the phase-match condition. By using a combination of Fresnel theory and Bruggeman equation to fit the measured resonance dip, the porosity of NPT films was determined to be about 0.4. After hydrophobilization of the NPT films, the OWR chips were used for both in-situ and ex-situ detections of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in water. The experimental results indicate that the ex-situ detection sensitivity to BaP is 2 times higher than the in-situ detection sensitivity. The lowest concentration of BaP detectable with the hydrophobilized OWR chip is ca. 100 nmol·L^-1. The experimental comparisons reveal that both the nanoporous structure and hydrophobilization of the OWR chip enable to enhance the sensor's sensitivity to BaP. The work demonstrated that the NPT thin-film OWR sensing chips are stable and robust with good reusability.

Key words： Benzo (a) pyrene Optical waveguide resonance sensor Nanoporous TiO₂ thin films Hydrophobilization Sensitivity enhancement

Received: 18 May 2017 Published: 09 June 2017

MSC2000:

O647

Fund: the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973)(2015CB352100);National Natural Science Foundation of China(61377064);National Natural Science Foundation of China(61675203);Research Equipment Development Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(YZ201508)

Corresponding Authors: Zhi-Mei QI E-mail: zhimei-qi@mail.ie.ac.cn

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Xiu-Mei WAN,Li WANG,Xiao-Qing GONG,Dan-Feng LU,Zhi-Mei QI. Detection Sensitivity to Benzo[a]pyrene of Nanoporous TiO₂ Thin-Film Waveguide Resonance Sensor. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinca, 2017, 33(12): 2523-2531.

URL:

http://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/10.3866/PKU.WHXB201706091 OR http://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/Y2017/V33/I12/2523

Fig 1 Schematic diagram of experimental setup.

Fig 2 (a) UV-Vis absorption spectra measured with different concentrations of BaP in water; (b) relationship between the absorbance and the BaP concentration.

Fig 3 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of (a) surface morphology of the nanoporous TiO₂ film and (b) cross-section morphology of the OWR sensor chip.

Fig 4 Water contact angles for nanoporous TiO₂ film before (a) and after (b) hydrophobilization.

Fig 5 (a) Reflected light intensity spectrum measured with the NPT film in air and the corresponding calculated reflectance spectrum with the air clad (θ = -20°); (b) the calculated effective RI dispersions N(λ) for the TM₁ and TM₂ modes with the water clad and those with air clads; (c) reflected light intensity spectrum measured with the NPT film in water and the corresponding calculated reflectance spectrum with the water clad (θ = 5°).

Fig 6 (a) Reflected light intensity measured with different concentrations of BaP solutions; (b) the resonance-wavelength shifts (?λ_R) versus the BaP concentrations; (c) the calculated relationship between ?λ_R and the volume fraction of adsorbed BaP molecules.

Fig 7 (a) In-situ and (b) ex-situ responses to BaP for the OWR sensor with the hydrophobilized NPT film.

Fig 8 Comparison of four data of ?λ_R obtained with the same OWR chip and the same solution sample.

Fig 9 Comparison of the responses to BaP for the OWR chip before and (b) after hydrophobilization.

Fig 10 (a) In-situ and (b) ex-situ detection of benzo (a) pyrene using the hydrophobic dense film (Ta₂O₅) based plasmon waveguide sensing chip.

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