碳纳米管纤维的连续制备及高性能化

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106034

物理化学学报 >> 2022, Vol. 38 >> Issue (9): 2106034.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106034

所属专题：烯碳纤维与智能织物

碳纳米管纤维的连续制备及高性能化

吴昆杰¹^,², 张永毅¹^,²^,³^,*(), 勇振中¹^,²^,*(), 李清文¹^,³

¹ 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所, 先进材料部, 江苏苏州 215123
² 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所南昌研究院, 纳米材料部, 南昌 330200
³ 中国科学技术大学纳米技术与纳米仿生学院, 合肥 230026

收稿日期:2021-06-24 录用日期:2021-07-26 发布日期:2021-08-02
通讯作者: 张永毅,勇振中 E-mail:yyzhang2011@sinano.ac.cn;zzyong2008@sinano.ac.cn
作者简介:张永毅，1981年生。中科院苏州纳米所研究员，博士生导师。2008年于北京大学获得博士学位。2011年起任职于中科院苏州纳米所。主要从事石墨烯、碳纳米管等纳米碳材料的可控制备、性能调控与产业应用技术研究
勇振中，1979年生。中科院苏州纳米所研究员，硕士生导师。2008年于中科院上海应用物理研究所获得博士学位。2008年起任职于中科院苏州纳米所。致力于碳纳米管纤维、薄膜材料的可控制备、高性能化及其产业化应用技术研究
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0203301);国家自然科学基金(21773293);江西省自然科学基金(20202BAB204006);江西省重点研发计划(20192ACB80002);江西省重点研发计划(20202BBEL53027);江西省重点研发计划(20192BCD40017)

Continuous Preparation and Performance Enhancement Techniques of Carbon Nanotube Fibers

Kunjie Wu¹^,², Yongyi Zhang¹^,²^,³^,*(), Zhenzhong Yong¹^,²^,*(), Qingwen Li¹^,³

¹ Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
² Division of Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nanchang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
³ School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Received:2021-06-24 Accepted:2021-07-26 Published:2021-08-02
Contact: Yongyi Zhang,Zhenzhong Yong E-mail:yyzhang2011@sinano.ac.cn;zzyong2008@sinano.ac.cn
About author:Email: zzyong2008@sinano.ac.cn (Z.Y.)
Email: yyzhang2011@sinano.ac.cn (Y.Z.)
Supported by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0203301);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773293);the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China(20202BAB204006);the Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project, China(20192ACB80002);the Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project, China(20202BBEL53027);the Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project, China(20192BCD40017)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳纳米管纤维是一种碳纳米管的宏观聚集体，是由碳纳米管及管束组装而成的连续纱线，具有高强、高韧、高导电等特性，在结构功能一体化复合材料、纤维状能源器件、人工肌肉以及轻质导电线缆等领域具有非常广泛的应用前景。经过近二十年的发展，碳纳米管纤维材料在连续制备技术、高性能化以及应用探索等方面相继取得了突破性的研究进展。本文总结了碳纳米管纤维材料的发展历程，对比介绍了碳纳米管纤维的不同连续制备与组装技术，重点讨论了碳纳米管纤维结构与性能之间的关联规律，并对目前碳纳米管纤维的高性能化方法进行了综述。在此基础上，对碳纳米管纤维材料的发展思路以及未来的应用方向进行了展望。

关键词: 碳纳米管纤维, 连续制备, 力学性能增强, 电学性能增强

Abstract:

Carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) comprises continuous yarn-like macro aggregates with a large amount of carbon nanotubes and bundles thereof. CNTFs have excellent properties, such as high strength, toughness, and conductivity, because of which, they have broad prospects in several fields, such as structure-function integrated composite materials, fibrous energy devices, artificial muscle, and lightweight conductive wire. After two decades of development, breakthroughs have been made in continuous preparation technology, performance enhancement, and application exploration of CNTF materials. In this review, the development history of CNTF materials is summarized, and various continuous preparation technologies of CNTFs, including wet spinning, array spinning, and floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) direct spinning, are described and compared. The wet spinning technology for fabricating CNTFs can be easily scaled due to its similarity to the conventional wet spinning technology used for fabricating high-performance fibers, while the obtained CNTFs have relatively high conductivity. The main challenges in wet spinning are the mass preparation and appropriate dispersion of high-quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with large aspect ratios. The array spinning technology can produce CNTFs with high purity and controllable structures, and its challenges are the relatively low preparation efficiency and high cost, because of which, it is challenging to meet the needs of large-scale applications. The FCCVD direct spinning technology can continuously produce CNTFs with relatively high strengths and at low cost, and it is easily adaptable for large-scale fabrication. The main drawbacks of CNTFs obtained from direct spinning are the relatively high impurity content and nonuniform CNT structures. Since CNTFs were first reported in 2000, one of the major challenges has been transferring the excellent properties of individual CNTs to the macroscopic assemblies of CNTs. To answer this question, the correlation between the structures and properties of CNTFs is discussed in detail, and contemporary techniques used for the enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of CNTFs are reviewed. Based on the fiber fracture mechanism of slippage between CNTs, typical mechanical performance enhancement techniques include manipulating the CNT structures (namely wall number, diameter, aspect ratio, and collapse state), aligning the CNT along the fiber axis, enhancing the packing density and the interaction between CNTs, and combining with other reinforcing materials. The electrical performance of CNTFs is attributed to a 3D hopping electron transport mechanism in CNTFs. Conductivity enhancement techniques mainly include improving the assembly structure of CNTFs, using conductive materials as fillers between the CNTs, oxidative p-doping, and combining with metallic conductors. Finally, the main challenges in terms of performance enhancement and large-scale fabrication are discussed, and the development directions of CNTF materials are proposed.

Key words: Carbon nanotube fibers, Continuous preparation, Mechanical property enhancement, Electrical conductivity enhancement

吴昆杰, 张永毅, 勇振中, 李清文. 碳纳米管纤维的连续制备及高性能化[J]. 物理化学学报, 2022, 38(9), 2106034. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106034

Kunjie Wu, Yongyi Zhang, Zhenzhong Yong, Qingwen Li. Continuous Preparation and Performance Enhancement Techniques of Carbon Nanotube Fibers[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2022, 38(9), 2106034. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106034

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106034

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V38/I9/2106034

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Enhancement methods for mechanical property of CNT fibers	Strength (GPa)	Specific strength (N?tex^?1)	Ref.
FCCVD CNT fibers
CNT alignment by high collecting speed, controlling the gauge length	–	9	63
CNT alignment by high collecting speed, densification by mechanical rolling	9.6	–	16
Controlling the CNT length and alignment during FCCVD process	–	3.1	48
Stretching with the aid of chlorosulfonic acid	4.08	–	89
Controlling the growth condition of FCCVD, stretching with the aid of chlorosulfonic acid	–	6.4	92
Combining with BMI resin, mechanical stretching	3.08	–	84
Combining with polymer and in-situ cross-linking under tension	–	3.5	123
Combining with BMI resin, multi-step stretching	6.94	–	86
Mechanical densification, combining with epoxy resin	5.2	–	101
Densification by mechanical rolling	5.53	–	47
Densification by twisting	3.7	–	99
CNT bonding by Joule heating under tension	3.2	–	118
Covalent bonding between CNTs with small molecules	–	3.7	127
Array spinning CNT fibers
Spinning from ultra-long CNT arrays	1.068	–	75
Controlling wall number and diameter of CNT	1.23	–	58
Controlling the alignment and length of CNT array	3.3	–	33
Controlling waviness morphology of CNT array	1.3	–	81
Twisting, mechanical stretching	1.1	–	39
Alignment and densification by evaporation of solvent under tension	3.2	–	100
Alignment by “Microcombing”	3.2	–	78
Infiltrating with adhesive polymer, heat-induced crosslinking	2.2	–	115
Forming CNT/C composite by infiltrating with poly-dopamine, pyrolysis	4.04	–	116
Combining with Al/Cu by sputtering, heat-induced diffusion	6.6	–	112
Wet spinning CNT fibers
Spinning from liquid crystal CNT dope, using long CNT	4.2	–	17
Spinning from liquid crystal CNT dope, controlling CNT aspect ratio	2.4	–	72
Spinning from liquid crystal CNT dope	1	–	25
Combining with PVA, hot stretching	1.4–1.8	–	87

Enhancement methods for conductivity of CNT fibers	Conductivity (S?m^?1)	Specific conductivity (S?m²?kg^?1)	Ref.
FCCVD CNT fibers
Stretching with the aid of chlorosulfonic acid	–	2270	89
Densification by twisting	1.2 × 10⁶	–	99
Densification by mechanical pressing (using a spatula)	1.2 × 10⁶	–	101
Densification by liquid induced shrink, mechanical rolling	2.24 × 10⁶	–	47
Densification by drawing through tungsten carbide dies, doping with KAuBr₄	1.3 × 10⁶	–	96
Alignment by stretching, doping with I₂, capping with conducting polymer	1.3 × 10⁶	–	149
Removing Fe catalyst impurities, doping with I₂	6.7 × 10⁶	1.96 × 10⁴	170
Doping with Br₂ gas	1.63 × 10⁶	1390	168
Combining with Cu by physical vapor deposition, densification by drawing through a series of dies	1.37 × 10⁷	–	183
Array spinning CNT fibers
Densification by twisting, shrinking induced by solvent evaporation	9.1 × 10⁴	–	31
Alignment by “Microcombing”	1.8 × 10⁵	–	78
Combining with GO	9.0 × 10⁴	–	159
Forming CNT/C composite by infiltrating with poly-dopamine, pyrolysis	4.9 × 10⁵	–	116
Doping with H₂O₂	3.6 × 10⁵	–	169
Combining with Cu through organic electrodeposition and aqueous electrodeposition	4.7 × 10⁷	8300	184
Combining with Al/Cu by sputtering, heat-induced diffusion	1.8 × 10⁷	–	112
Combining with Cu by continuous anodization and electrodeposition	1.84 × 10⁷	–	186
Wet spinning CNT fibers
Spinning from liquid crystal CNT dope, doping with I₂	5.0 × 10⁶	–	25
Spinning from liquid crystal CNT dope, using long CNT	1.09 × 10⁷	–	17

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碳纳米管纤维的连续制备及高性能化

Continuous Preparation and Performance Enhancement Techniques of Carbon Nanotube Fibers

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