聚吡咯/硝酸活化碳气凝胶纳米复合材料的制备表征及其在超级电容器中的应用

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB201511131

物理化学学报 >> 2016, Vol. 32 >> Issue (2): 493-502.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201511131

聚吡咯/硝酸活化碳气凝胶纳米复合材料的制备表征及其在超级电容器中的应用

李亚捷,倪星元*(),沈军,刘冬,刘念平,周小卫

同济大学物理科学与工程学院, 上海市特殊人工微结构材料与技术重点实验室, 上海 200092

收稿日期:2015-06-25 发布日期:2016-01-30
通讯作者: 倪星元 E-mail:nixingyuan@tongji.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51072137, 50802064, 11074189);国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BAC62B02);上海科学技术委员会项目(11nm0501600)

Preparation and Performance of Polypyrrole/Nitric Acid Activated Carbon Aerogel Nanocomposite Materials for Supercapacitors

Ya-Jie LI,Xing-Yuan NI*(),Jun SHEN,Dong LIU,Nian-Ping LIU,Xiao-Wei ZHOU

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, Institute of Physical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China

Received:2015-06-25 Published:2016-01-30
Contact: Xing-Yuan NI E-mail:nixingyuan@tongji.edu.cn
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51072137, 50802064, 11074189);Key Projects in the NationalScience & Technology Pillar Program, China(2009BAC62B02);Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China(11nm0501600)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过化学氧化聚合法制备出不同比例的聚吡咯(PPY)/硝酸活化碳气凝胶(HCA)复合材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征材料的成分和形貌,结果表明,通过硝酸活化及与聚吡咯的复合,并未破坏碳气凝胶的多孔形貌,硝酸活化碳气凝胶及聚吡咯/硝酸活化碳气凝胶都仍然保持着原碳气凝胶的三维纳米多孔结构。采用对照实验的方法,设计并合成五组不同配比的复合材料,聚吡咯与硝酸活化碳气凝胶的质量比例分别为3:1、2:1、1:1、1:2、1:3,通过循环伏安法,恒流充放电,交流阻抗及循环性测试等考察材料的电化学性能。结果证明,当聚吡咯与硝酸活化碳气凝胶比例为1:1时,复合材料显示出最优电化学性能:比电容高达336 F·g^-1,是纯碳气凝胶(103 F·g^-1)的三倍有余,除此还显示出卓越的导电性与循环稳定性, 2000次循环后仍保持初始电容的91%,具备优良的超级电容器电极材料性能。因此聚吡咯/硝酸活化碳气凝胶复合纳米材料是超级电容器的理想电极材料。

关键词: 活化碳气凝胶, 聚吡咯, 超级电容器, 化学氧化聚合法, 复合电极材料, 电化学性能

Abstract:

Polypyrrole (PPY)/nitric acid (HNO₃) activated carbon aerogel (HCA) composites are prepared through chemical oxidative polymerization with different PPY/HCAmass ratios. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to investigate the components and morphology of the samples. The results demonstrate that the synthesized materials maintain the threedimensional nanoporous structure of the carbon aerogel (CA); the activation by nitric acid and composition with PPY do not destroy the porous structure of the carbon aerogel and the complex still has the original threedimensional nanoporous structure. Composites with different mass ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) of PPY/HCA were prepared and the electrochemical properties were measured by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results confirm that the PPY/HCA composite with a ratio of 1:1 exhibits the best electrochemical performances; it has a high specific capacitance of 336 F·g^-1, which is more than two times higher than that of CA (103 F·g^-1); it also exhibits outstanding conductivity and cycling stability, retaining 91% of its initial capacitance after 2000 cycles. Therefore, this composite is quite a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.

Key words: Activated carbon aerogel, Polypyrrole, Supercapacitor, Chemical oxidative polymerization, Composite electrode material, Capacitive property

李亚捷,倪星元,沈军,刘冬,刘念平,周小卫. 聚吡咯/硝酸活化碳气凝胶纳米复合材料的制备表征及其在超级电容器中的应用[J]. 物理化学学报, 2016, 32(2), 493-502. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201511131

Ya-Jie LI,Xing-Yuan NI,Jun SHEN,Dong LIU,Nian-Ping LIU,Xiao-Wei ZHOU. Preparation and Performance of Polypyrrole/Nitric Acid Activated Carbon Aerogel Nanocomposite Materials for Supercapacitors[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2016, 32(2), 493-502. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201511131

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB201511131

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2016/V32/I2/493

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聚吡咯/硝酸活化碳气凝胶纳米复合材料的制备表征及其在超级电容器中的应用

Preparation and Performance of Polypyrrole/Nitric Acid Activated Carbon Aerogel Nanocomposite Materials for Supercapacitors

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