图1

常见的光镊技术方案 (a) Traditional single-beam optical tweezers. (b) Indirect trapping using dielectric beads. (c) Dual-fiber optical tweezers. (d) Single-fiber optical tweezers. (e) Photonic crystal optical tweezes. (f) Plasmonic optical tweezers. (g) Plasmonic nanoparticles. (h) Single-molecule plasmonic optical trapping."

图2

光纤光镊 (a) Distribution of optical forces in the optical field of an optical tweezers consisting of two optical fibers. The black arrows represent the scattering force and the blue arrows represent the gradient force 37. (b) SEM image of the fiber nanotip after stretching 38. (c) Diagram of the distance between single-walled carbon nanotubes and the fiber tip as a function of optical power 38. (d) Schematic diagram of particle trapping and driving through a tapered fiber probe 40. (e) Diagram of the relationship between the manipulation distance and the optical power at a specific distance between the particle and the fiber tip 40. (f) Schematic illustration of fiber optical tweezers composed of single-mode fiber, multi-mode fiber and high index microsphere 45. (g) A typical diagram of the optical trapping separation of chiral nanoparticles by subwavelength slot waveguides46. The trapping force potentials and chiral-dependent trapping shifts in the gap of slot waveguides for (h) R enantiomers and (i) S enantiomers 46. (a, f) Adapted from Optica Publishing Group. (g–i) Adapted with permission from Ref. 46. Copyright 2021, American Physical Society."

图3

光子晶体光镊 (a) Schematic diagram of the three kinds of photonic crystals. The different colors represent materials with different dielectric constants. (b) Three-dimensional distribution of electric field energy in the resonant cavity of a collar-shaped photonic crystal 57. (c) The basic elements and principle of the white-light optical tweezers 58. (d) Construction of the 1D photonic crystal resonator optical trap 59. (e) Photo of the trapped particle with the diameter of 48 nm by the 1D photonic crystal resonator 59. (f) Schematic diagram of the position of the resonator relative to the flow chamber 60. (g) A image showing trapped yeast cells on the plane of the 2D photonic crystal 61. (h) Schematic diagram of multiparticle resonant optical sorting using a topological photonic structure 62. (c) Adapted from Optica Publishing Group. (d–e) Adapted with permission from Ref. 59. Copyright 2010, American Chemical Society. (f) Adapted with permission from Ref. 60. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society."

图4

等离激元光镊 (a) Schematic diagram of the transport of a sphere using evanescent waves in the optical channel with attenuation mode 66. (b) Electromagnetic field distribution at the metal tip after trapping a sphere with a diameter of 10 nm 68. (c) Detection of trapping event by an ensemble of Rayleigh scattering spectra containing 500 dimer antennas71. (d) Schematic diagram of “tweezer in a tweezer” 72. (e) 3D AFM image of the hexagonal arrays of gold triangles 74. (f) Absolute field distribution in the gold cauldrons under laser excitation at 1240 nm obtained by simulation 75. (g) Schematic diagram of the fano resonance-assisted plasmonic optical tweezers 76. (b) Adapted with permission from Ref. 68. Copyright 1997, American Physical Society. (c) Adapted with permission from Ref. 71. Copyright 2010, American Chemical Society."

图5

自诱导反作用等离激元光镊及等离激元材料 (a) Typical trapping process of a polystyrene sphere through self-induced back-action (SIBA) plasmonic optical tweezers 77. (b) A typical optical transmission spectrum of protein molecules trapped and unfolded using SIBA optical tweezers to distinguish their structures 79. (c) Schematic diagram of the shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) 82. (d) Schematic diagram of the tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) 82. (e) Example of the transmission spectrum of a plasmonic metamaterial. This metamaterial has low transmission on resonance of vertical-polarized light at 790 nm 84. (f) Schematic of graphene-photonic crystal fiber-based optical fiber sensing system 87. (g) Schematic illustration of photogenerated charges transfer trend between pure g-C3N4 and Bi4V2O11 samples at pH = 7 88. (h) Results of plasmonic thin-layer chromatography separation of quantum dots with differences in size and optical properties89. (a) Adapted from Springer Nature. (b) Adapted with permission from Ref. 79. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society. (c–d) Adapted with permission from Ref. 82. Copyright 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited."

图6

单分子等离激元测试方法 (a) Schematic diagram of FM-TERS 103. (b) Schematic illustration of Au plate systems coupled by Au nanoparticle films with a monolayer (A) and a bilayer (B) 104. (c) A typical diagram of interfacial electronic structure detection and catalytic mechanisms study using SHINERS 105. (d) Influence of surface electron density, Pd/Pt overlayer thickness, and Raman frequency shifts on d–π* interaction 105. (b) Adapted with permission from Ref. 104. Copyright 2009, Royal Society of Chemistry. (c–d) Adapted with permission from Ref. 105. Copyright 2018, John Wiley and Sons."

图7

单分子光镊及应用前景 (a) Plasma-induced selective optical trapping of single molecule based on differences in molecular polarizability 25. (b) Optical trapping of a single molecule with length sub 1 nm in solution 107. (c) Regulation of the molecular conductance of PPDA single-molecule junctions by gradually increasing the laser power 108. (d) Schematic diagram of optical fiber-based break junction (F-BJ) technique 109. (e) Schematic diagram of the application of the optical-excited TSNOMS in detecting the probe signal vibrational response 110. (f) The transient reflection spectral map of TSNOMS ranges from 785 to 830  nm and ΔR/R kinetics at 798  nm 110. (g) SEM and AFM images of the plasmonic electrode and photoelectrochemical system 111. (h) Schematic diagram of the electrochemical device used to distinguish the plasmonic photothermal effect and the action of hot carriers in the experiment 111. (i) Stability of colloidal particles in their collision process measured by SERS 112. (a) Adapted with permission from Ref. 25. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (c) Adapted from Elsevier. (d) Adapted from Royal Society of Chemistry. (i) Adapted from Elsevier."