物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (6): 100279.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100279

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用于电磁干扰屏蔽和电磁波吸收的柔性电磁防护材料的进展与挑战

毛盛棣1,†, 苗瑞丰1,†, 兰笛2, 张世杰1,*(), 周继光3, 刘勋3, 杜苏轩1,*(), 赵志伟1, 吴广磊4,*()   

  1. 1 河南工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 河南 郑州 450001
    2 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北 十堰 442002
    3 郑州三磨超硬材料有限公司, 河南 郑州 450002
    4 青岛大学材料科学与工程学院, 山东 青岛 266071
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-08 修回日期:2026-03-04 录用日期:2026-03-05 发布日期:2026-04-21
  • 通讯作者: Email: zsj562389@sina.com (张世杰)suxuan_du@haut.edu.cn (杜苏轩)wuguanglei@qdu.edu.cn/wuguanglei@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (吴广磊)
  • 作者简介:

    †这些作者对这项工作做出了同等贡献

Advances and challenges in flexible electromagnetic protection materials for electromagnetic interference shielding and wave absorption

Shengdi Mao1, Ruifeng Miao1, Di Lan2, Shijie Zhang1,*(), Jiguang Zhou3, Xun Liu3, Suxuan Du1,*(), Zhiwei Zhao1, Guanglei Wu4,*()   

  1. 1 School of Material Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
    2 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China
    3 Zhengzhou Research Institute for Abrasives & Grinding Superhard Materials Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
    4 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2026-01-08 Revised:2026-03-04 Accepted:2026-03-05 Published:2026-04-21
  • Contact: Email: zsj562389@sina.com (Shijie Zhang)suxuan_du@haut.edu.cn (Suxuan Du)wuguanglei@qdu.edu.cn/wuguanglei@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (Guanglei Wu)

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摘要：

无线局域网(WLAN)和第五代移动通信(5G)的快速发展，使得高效电磁防护(EMP)材料的研究备受关注。然而，早期EMP材料往往优先考虑电磁衰减效率而忽略了机械柔性，这限制了其在可穿戴电子产品、软体机器人和智能传感系统等新兴领域的应用。因此，柔性EMP材料的开发势在必行。本文将柔性EMP材料系统地分为柔性电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽材料和柔性电磁波吸收(EWA)材料，并根据不同的材料体系和设计策略进一步细分。基于导电聚合物、碳基纳米材料、MXene和金属复合材料等不同基底的柔性EMI屏蔽材料，因其高屏蔽效能(SE)和高柔性而备受关注。薄膜结构已被广泛应用于EMI屏蔽和电磁波吸收系统，本文也对其作用进行了介绍。随后，人们系统地介绍了具有多种结构设计的柔性电磁屏蔽材料，包括聚合物基复合材料、海绵、泡沫和气凝胶。本文全面阐述了柔性电磁屏蔽材料和电磁屏蔽材料，解释了近期研究成果的机理和材料分类，并探讨了其设计思路对下一代柔性电磁屏蔽材料的意义。

关键词: 柔性电磁保护, 保护机制, 设计策略, 复合策略, 多功能

Abstract:

Wireless local area network (WLAN) and fifth generation (5G) are rapidly progressing, so people have focused on high-efficiency electromagnetic protection (EMP) materials. However, early EMP materials often prioritized electromagnetic attenuation efficiency while neglecting mechanical flexibility. This limitation has restricted their application in emerging fields such as wearable electronics, soft robotics, and intelligent sensing systems. Therefore, flexible EMP materials need to be developed. Flexible EMP materials were systematically divided into flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials and flexible electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) materials in this review. In addition, these two categories were further classified according to different material systems and design strategies. Flexible EMI shielding materials, based on different substrates of conductive polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, MXenes, and metal composites, were summarized for their high shielding effectiveness (SE) and high compliance. Thin-film architecture has been widely applied in both EMI shielding and wave absorption systems, and the role of it was also introduced. Subsequently, flexible EWA materials with a variety of structural designs, including polymer-based composites, sponges, foams, and aerogels, have been systematically introduced. In this review, a comprehensive understanding of flexible EMI shielding materials and EWA materials is given, the mechanism and material classification of recent research results are explained, and the guiding significance of design ideas for next-generation flexible EMP materials is provided.

Key words: Flexible electromagnetic protection, Protection mechanisms, Design strategies, Composite strategy, Multifunction