Scheme 1

Schematic representation of the process for synthesizing WO3@TP."

Fig 1

FESEM images of (a) TP, (b) WO3, (c) WT-10. (d, e) TEM and (f) HRTEM images of WT-10. (g) STEM image and the corresponding EDS elemental mappings of C, N, O, and W in WT-10."

Fig 2

(a) XRD patterns of TP, WO3, and WO3@TP composites. (b) FTIR spectra of TAPA, PDA, TP, WO3, and WT-10."

Fig 3

(a) UV-vis DRS spectra of WO3, TP, and WO3@TP hybrids. (b) Tauc plot spectra, and (c) Mott-Schottky (MS) plots of pure WO3 and TP at 1000 Hz. (d) Band structure diagram of WO3 and TP."

Fig 4

High-resolution XPS spectra of (a) W 4f and (b) N 1s for WO3, TP, and WT-10. Calculated electrostatic potentials of (c) WO3 (001) and (d) TP. The PDOS for (e) WO3 and (f) TP. (g) Schematic diagram depicting the carrier transfer mechanism within WO3@TP S-scheme."

Fig 5

(a) PL spectra, (b) TRPL spectra, (c) transient photocurrent responses, and (d) EIS spectra of the catalysts."

Fig 6

2D pseudocolor TA plots of (a) WO3, (b) WT-10, and (c) TP. The TA kinetics of (d) WO3 and WT-10 probed at 490 nm. The TA kinetics of (e) TP and WT-10 probed at 580 nm. (f) Schematic illustrations for the decay routes of photoexcited electrons within the WO3@TP S-scheme heterojunction."

Fig 7

(a) Photocatalytic H2O2 evolution and (b) H2O2 decomposition by WO3, TP, and WO3@TP composites under illumination. (c) The kf and kd for H2O2 for WO3, TP, and WO3@TP composites. (d) Cycle experiments of WT-10 for H2O2 evolution under illumination over a 1-h period."

Fig 8

EPR spectra of (a) DMPO-·O2− on WO3, TP, and WT-10 in methanol, (b) DMPO-·OH on WO3, TP, and WT-10 in water. In situ DRIFTS spectra of WT-10 recorded under mixed gas streams of H2O and O2 in (c) the dark and (d) light illumination. (e) Gibbs free energy diagram of O2 transformation into H2O2 over WO3 (001) and TP. (f) Illustration for the mechanism of photocatalytic H2O2 evolution on WO3@TP."