物理化学学报

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储能电池有机电极材料改性策略研究进展

辛燕1,2, 葛运年2, 李泽中2, 张桥保3, 田华军1,2   

  1. 1 华北电力大学, 电站能量传递转化与系统教育部重点实验室, 北京 102206;
    2 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院, 北京 102206;
    3 厦门大学材料学院, 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室, 福建厦门 361005
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-31 修回日期:2023-05-10 录用日期:2023-05-17 发布日期:2023-05-29
  • 通讯作者: 辛燕, 张桥保, 田华军 E-mail:xinyan@ncepu.edu.cn;zhangqiaobao@xmu.edu.cn;huajun.tian@ncepu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52122211,52072323),华北电力大学“双一流”学科交叉创新专项(XM2212315)及中央高校基本科研业务费(2018MS019)资助项目

Research Progress on Modification Strategies of Organic Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Batteries

Yan Xin1,2, Yunnian Ge2, Zezhong Li2, Qiaobao Zhang3, Huajun Tian1,2   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and Systems, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
    2 School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
    3 State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2023-03-31 Revised:2023-05-10 Accepted:2023-05-17 Published:2023-05-29
  • Contact: Yan Xin, Qiaobao Zhang, Huajun Tian E-mail:xinyan@ncepu.edu.cn;zhangqiaobao@xmu.edu.cn;huajun.tian@ncepu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52122211, 52072323), the Interdisciplinary Innovation Program of North China Electric Power University (XM2212315), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2018MS019).

摘要: 有机电极材料因其成本低、资源丰富、环境友好、可设计性等优势,成为具有发展潜力的二次电池候选电极材料。目前,种类丰富的有机电极材料已应用在各种金属离子电池体系,然而有机电极材料的商业化应用仍面临着诸多挑战,如本征电导率低、在有机电解液中溶解度大、放电电位低等。针对有机电极材料的技术瓶颈,大量研究聚焦在有机电极材料结构、工艺、尺度等改性优化方面。本文回顾有机电极材料的发展历程和应用,并总结其分类、反应机理及主要问题和挑战,进而详细综述有机电极材料已报道的改性策略,包括分子结构修饰、复合导电碳、纳米尺寸优化、电极-电解液耦合与制备工艺优化等方法,分析各改性方法优势和局限性,最后对未来有机电极材料改性研究方向进行展望,为今后有机电极材料的设计与研究提供参考。

关键词: 有机电极材料, 改性策略, 分子结构设计, 溶解度, 导电率

Abstract: With the development of modern society, the demand for energy is increasing. Consequently, the efficient utilization of renewable energy has become the primary concern in the energy sector. Secondary batteries can accomplish energy storage through efficient electrical/chemical energy conversion, thereby providing an effective solution for the utilization of renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries have been the most widely used secondary battery systems, owing to their high energy densities and long lifetimes. Nevertheless, traditional inorganic cathode materials have recently encountered problems such as increasing manufacturing costs, lithium supply-chain constraints, and safety issues. Meanwhile, organic electrode materials (OEMs) have emerged as promising electrode candidates for secondary batteries owing to several advantages, such as their low costs, abundant resources, environmental friendliness, and structural designability. In recent decades, considerable efforts have been dedicated to OEM research. To date, commonly used OEMs include carbonyl polymers, conductive polymers, nitrile compounds, organic sulfides, organic free radical compounds, imine compounds, and Azo compounds. OEMs have been used in various metal ion battery systems, including lithium-, sodium-, aluminum-, zinc-, magnesium-, potassium-, and calcium-based batteries. However, the commercialization of OEMs still encounters several challenges, mainly owing to their low conductivity, high solubility, and low discharge potential. The low intrinsic conductivity of OEMs leads to difficulties in ion diffusion, while their high solubility in organic electrolytes inevitably reduces cyclic stability. Moreover, the low discharge potential of OEMs decreases energy density and rate performance. In view of the technical restrictions affecting OEMs, researchers have focused on modifications and optimizations of the structure, preparation strategies, and sizes of OEMs. In this paper, we review the development history and applications of OEMs and systemically summarize their classification, reaction mechanisms, and primary challenges. In addition, we thoroughly report on OEM modification strategies. By shaping their molecular structures, such as either by substituent introduction, conjugated structure formation, or small molecule polymerization, the solubility of OEMs can be reduced, and their discharge potential can be enhanced. The conductivity of OEMs can be improved significantly by combining them with conductive carbon materials. Nano-sized optimization and electrode-electrolyte coupling can also significantly improve their cycle stability and rate performance. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of OEMs can be improved by optimizing preparation processes and determining the best technological parameters. Finally, we envision future research paths of OEM modification, which could provide a future reference in OEM design and research.

Key words: Organic electrode materials, Modification strategy, Molecular structure design, Solubility, Conductivity