碳化硅纳米材料及其衍生碳在超级电容器领域的应用

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304026

物理化学学报 >> 2024, Vol. 40 >> Issue (2): 2304026.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304026

所属专题：碳材料与电化学储能

碳化硅纳米材料及其衍生碳在超级电容器领域的应用

刘慧敏, 李克智, 张欣, 殷学民*(), 付前刚*(), 李贺军

西北工业大学, 陕西省纤维增强轻质复合材料重点实验室, 西安 710072

收稿日期:2023-04-14 修回日期:2023-05-23 录用日期:2023-05-24 发布日期:2023-06-12
通讯作者: Email: yinxuemin@nwpu.edu.cn (殷学民)fuqiangang@nwpu.edu.cn (付前刚)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52125203); 国家自然科学基金(52293371); 国家自然科学基金(52202047); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0715803); 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2022JQ-324); 中国博士后科学基金(2021M702659); 陕西省科协青年人才托举计划(20220435); 西北工业大学硕士研究生实践创新能力培育基金(PF2023004)

SiC Nanomaterials and Their Derived Carbons for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Huimin Liu, Kezhi Li, Xin Zhang, Xuemin Yin*(), Qiangang Fu*(), Hejun Li

Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Received:2023-04-14 Revised:2023-05-23 Accepted:2023-05-24 Published:2023-06-12
Contact: Email: yinxuemin@nwpu.edu.cn (Xuemin Yin)fuqiangang@nwpu.edu.cn (Qiangang Fu)
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52125203); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52293371); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202047); the National Key R & D Program of China(2021YFA0715803); the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province(2022JQ-324); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702659); the Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China(20220435); the Practice and Innovation Funds for Graduate Students of Northwestern Polytechnical University(PF2023004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超级电容器由于充放电速度快、循环寿命长、成本低、环境友好等特性在众多储能器件中脱颖而出。在各类电极材料中，碳化硅(SiC)纳米材料及其衍生碳因其高稳定性、优异的导电性等优势被认为是极具应用前景的超级电容器电极材料。本文首先系统地阐述了SiC纳米材料及其衍生碳的常用制备方法；然后，详细综述了SiC纳米材料及其衍生碳在超级电容器应用中的研究进展，总结“高导电碳材料复合”、“杂原子掺杂”、“赝电容材料复合”、“多级孔结构的设计”、“化学活化”等电化学性能的提升策略；最后，对SiC纳米材料及其衍生碳在超级电容器储能领域中应用存在的挑战和机遇进行展望。

关键词: 碳化硅, 碳化硅衍生碳, 双电层电容, 赝电容

Abstract:

As technology and society have continued to develop, the demand for energy storage solutions has increased significantly. Indeed, the development of low-cost, low-carbon, environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage systems is required to address the environmental and ecological problems faced by society. Due to their fast charging and discharging speeds, long cycle life and environmentally friendly characteristics, supercapacitors are widely used in many fields, especially in wind power generation systems, communication and transportation. Among all kinds of electrode materials, silicon carbide (SiC) nanomaterials and SiC-derived carbon (SiC-CDC) materials present long life, high power density, and uncomplicated working mechanisms, which hold significant promise as electrode materials for supercapacitors. So far, various strategies and approaches for controlling the microstructure of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials have been developed to achieve further improvement from preparation methods to electrochemical properties. As such, this review systematically introduces the common preparation methods of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC, including the template method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, high temperature halogen etching method and high temperature thermal decomposition process for preparing SiC-CDC. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods are discussed. Additionally, the review covers the progress in employing SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials as supercapacitor electrode materials in detail. However, despite this progress, the commercial application of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials as supercapacitor electrodes has been restricted by some problems, in particular their limited conductivity and poor wettability. More importantly, the low energy density of supercapacitors is still a major problem. Thus, current methods and developmental trends of the strategies to improve electrochemical performance such as "highly conductive carbon material composite", "heteroatomic doping", "pseudocapacitance composites", "multi-stage pore structure design", "chemical activation" are further analyzed with regards to the current challenges. For example, the introduction of heteroatoms and functional group molecules for reactions into SiC and SiC-CDC materials can inhibit the agglomeration of materials (such as particles and nanosheets), improve their conductivity and wettability, and enhance their specific capacitance. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the application of SiC nanomaterials and their derived carbons in the field of energy storage for supercapacitors are summarized and prospected. As current preparation methods are limited to the laboratory scale, the combination and improvement of different preparation methods and the development of large-scale and low-cost preparation technology are still the directions of the next efforts. This comprehensive review is expected to further advance the research of SiC nanomaterials and SiC-CDC materials.

Key words: Silicon carbide, Silicon carbide derived carbon, Double layer capacitance, Pseudocapacitance

刘慧敏, 李克智, 张欣, 殷学民, 付前刚, 李贺军. 碳化硅纳米材料及其衍生碳在超级电容器领域的应用[J]. 物理化学学报, 2024, 40(2), 2304026. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304026

Huimin Liu, Kezhi Li, Xin Zhang, Xuemin Yin, Qiangang Fu, Hejun Li. SiC Nanomaterials and Their Derived Carbons for High-Performance Supercapacitors[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2024, 40(2), 2304026. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304026

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304026

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V40/I2/2304026

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

不同SiC基超级电容器电极材料性能对比"

Electrode	Fabrication method	Electrolyte	Specific capacitance	Reference
mesoporous hollow SiC nanospheres	magnesiothermic reduction	6 mol∙L⁻¹ KOH	116 F∙g⁻¹ at 100 A∙g⁻¹	57
SiC nanofibers	carbothermal reduction	2 mol∙L⁻¹ KCl	4.36 mF∙cm⁻² at 50 mV∙s⁻¹	58
SiC nanofiber membranes	solution blowing method	1 mol∙L⁻¹ KOH	189 F∙g⁻¹ at 1 A∙g⁻¹	59
N-SiCNWs	pyrolysis of polymer precursor	3 mol∙L⁻¹ KCl	2.38 mF∙cm⁻² at 20000 mV∙s⁻¹	61
3D 3C-SiC/graphene hybrid nanolaminate films	microwave plasma-assisted CVD	1 mol∙L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄	391.8 µF∙cm⁻² at 10 mV∙s⁻¹	11
N-SiCNWs@CQDs	pyrolysis of polymer precursor and ultrasonic-hydrothermal method	2 mol∙L⁻¹ KCl	78.98 mF∙cm⁻² at 0.2 mA∙cm⁻²	62
SiCNWs	CVD	2 mol∙L⁻¹ KCl	23 mF∙cm⁻² at 50 mV∙s⁻¹	63
SiCNWs	pyrolysis of polymer precursors followed by etching	2 mol∙L⁻¹ KCl	23.6 mF∙cm^–2 at 0.2 mA∙cm^–2	64
SiC/CNT composite films	vacuum filtration process	1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate	8.43 F∙g⁻¹ at 0.02 A∙g⁻¹	66
nanocrystalline 3C-SiC film	microwave plasma CVD	0.1 mol∙L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄	72.7 μF∙cm⁻² at 100 mV∙s⁻¹	67
SiC/C nanosheets	wet-chemical etching	1 mol∙L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄	734 μF∙cm⁻² at 10 mV∙s⁻¹	70
3C-SiC/graphene films	laser CVD	0.5 mol∙L⁻¹ H₂SO₄	8.533 mF∙cm⁻² at 20 μA∙cm⁻²	71
RuO₂/SiC whiskers	carbon thermal reduction and hydrothermal method	1 mol∙L⁻¹ H₂SO₄	649.2 F∙g⁻¹ at 0.2 A∙g⁻¹	75
SiC flakes/Fe₃O₄	carbonization process and chemical reduction	1 mol∙L⁻¹ KOH	423.2 F∙g⁻¹ at 5 mV∙s⁻¹	76
CC/SiCNWs@NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets arrays	CVD, ion-exchanging and thermal annealing	1 mol∙L⁻¹ KOH	1604.7 F∙g⁻¹ at 0.5 A∙g⁻¹	78
SiCNWs@NiCo₂O₄@NiO nanosheets	chemical vapor reaction, hydrothermal reaction and thermal annealing	6 mol∙L⁻¹ KOH	1801 F∙g⁻¹ at 1 mA∙cm^–2	81
SiCNWs@MoS₂ nanoflowers	hydrothermal method	1 mol∙L⁻¹ Na₂SO₄	200.35 F∙g⁻¹ at 0.1 A∙g⁻¹	78
NiSi/SiC core-shell nanowires	hot-wire CVD	1 mol∙L⁻¹ KOH	234.13 mF∙cm⁻² at 100 mV∙s⁻¹	82
SiC@polyaniline core/shell nanowires	CVD and electrodeposition	1 mol∙L⁻¹ H₂SO₄	352 mF∙cm⁻² at 1 mA∙cm⁻²	86
SiC@PEDOT nanowires	pyrolysis of polymer precursors and oxidative CVD	2 mol∙L⁻¹ KCl	26.53 mF∙cm⁻² at 0.2 mA∙cm⁻²	87

表1

图7

图8

图9

图10

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碳化硅纳米材料及其衍生碳在超级电容器领域的应用

SiC Nanomaterials and Their Derived Carbons for High-Performance Supercapacitors

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