用于检测痕量铅离子的功能化反射结构光纤干涉传感器

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304029

物理化学学报 >> 2024, Vol. 40 >> Issue (4): 2304029.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304029

用于检测痕量铅离子的功能化反射结构光纤干涉传感器

赵可¹, 刘震¹, 刘露遥¹, 余长源²^,*(), 潘竞顺¹^,²^,*(), 黄旭光¹^,*()

¹ 华南师范大学, 广东省纳米光子功能材料与器件重点实验室, 广州 510006
² 香港理工大学电子与信息工程系, 香港 999077

收稿日期:2023-04-17 修回日期:2023-05-22 录用日期:2023-05-23 发布日期:2023-06-08
通讯作者: Email: huangxg@scnu.edu.cn. Tel.: +86-20-39310015 (黄旭光)panjsh3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn (潘竞顺)changyuan.yu@polyu.edu.hk (余长源)
基金资助:
深圳-香港-澳门科技计划C(SGDX2020110309520303); 国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2900900); 国家自然科学基金(62105379)

Functionalized Reflective Structure Fiber-Optic Interferometric Sensor for Trace Detection of Lead Ions

Ke Zhao¹, Zhen Liu¹, Luyao Liu¹, Changyuan Yu²^,*(), Jingshun Pan¹^,²^,*(), Xuguang Huang¹^,*()

¹ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
² Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China

Received:2023-04-17 Revised:2023-05-22 Accepted:2023-05-23 Published:2023-06-08
Contact: Email: huangxg@scnu.edu.cn. Tel.: +86-20-39310015 (Xuguang Huang)panjsh3@mail2.sysu.edu.cn (Jingshun Pan)changyuan.yu@polyu.edu.hk (Changyuan Yu)
Supported by:
the Shenzhen-HK-Macao Science and Technology Plan C(SGDX2020110309520303); the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2900900); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62105379)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铅离子(Pb²⁺)是日常生活中常接触的有毒重金属污染物之一。本研究开发了一种新型反射式光纤干涉传感器，用于检测痕量铅离子。该传感器结构由单模光纤、无芯光纤和细芯光纤(TCF)依次拼接而成。TCF的包层被氢氟酸部分腐蚀并涂覆功能化的水凝胶传感膜。该传感膜选用甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯(2-HEMA)作为识别单体。2-HEMA中的氧原子能与Pb²⁺发生配体-受体相互作用，形成“-O-Pb-O-”交联结构，从而改变TCF的新包层有效折射率。因此，可以通过观察反射光谱中光信号的变化来检测水溶液中Pb²⁺的浓度。所提出的传感器具有很高的检测灵敏度(1.926 × 10⁹ nm·mol⁻¹·L)，其检测极限为4.14 ppt (1 ng·L⁻¹ = 1 ppt)，比世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的饮用水中Pb²⁺ (10 ppb，1 μg·L⁻¹ = 1 ppb)浓度低1000倍。此外，利用一个方程组实现了该传感器的温度自校准功能，成功地消除了环境温度的干扰。由于该传感器良好的特异性、稳定性以及反射式结构，非常便于实时远程检测，为环境和人类健康监测提供了广阔的前景。

关键词: 铅离子浓度, 光学传感, 反射式干涉结构, 光纤传感器, 温度干扰

Abstract:

Lead ions (Pb²⁺) are among the most prevalent toxic heavy-metal pollutants in daily human life, particularly in children and pregnant women. Although atomic absorption spectroscopy is the most commonly used method owing to its accuracy and reliability, it requires complex sample preparation and expensive equipment. Therefore, efficient detection of Pb²⁺ is currently the focus of optical sensing research. In this study, we develop a reflective fiber-optic interferometric sensor to detect trace levels of lead ions. The sensor is composed of a single-mode fiber, no-core fiber (NCF), and thin-core fiber (TCF). When light from the broadband light source is transmitted to the sensor via ports 1 and 2 of the fiber optic circulator, the light diverges and propagates forward in the NCF. Owing to the fiber-core mismatch of different optical fibers, the beams can excite the core and cladding modes in the TCF. When the beams are reflected back into the NCF, the core and cladding modes can effectively interfere in the NCF due to their optical path differences. Subsequently, the light signal is recorded by an optical spectrum analyzer through port 3 of the circulator. The TCF's cladding is partially etched and coated with a functionalized hydrogel-sensing film made of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) as the recognition monomer. The oxygen atoms in the 2-HEMA are specifically matched with Pb²⁺ to form "-O-Pb-O-" cross-linked structures. Therefore, the absorption of Pb²⁺ by the hydrogel can change the effective refractive index of a new cladding of the TCF, formed by the sensing film and the TCF's original cladding, thereby the Pb²⁺ concentration is detected by the change of the optical signal. Owing to the trace levels of the detected Pb²⁺ in aqueous solutions (in the ppt range), we employ an equation system to eliminate temperature interference and ensure accurate detection results under environmental temperature fluctuations. Additionally, for the same sensing length, the concentration sensitivity of fiber-optic sensors with reflective structures is twice that of the transmission structures, and the reflective structure is convenient for real-time remote detection. The experimental results show that the optimal sensitivity of the sensor is 1.926 × 10⁹ nm·mol⁻¹·L, and its detection limit can reach 2.0 × 10⁻¹¹ mol·L⁻¹ (4.14 ppt, 1 ng·L⁻¹ = 1 ppt), which is far lower than the standard (10 ppb, 1 μg·L⁻¹ = 1 ppb) set by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the sensor exhibits good stability, specificity, and a wide detection range. Consequently, the designed reflective fiber optic sensor can provide broad prospects for environmental and human health monitoring.

Key words: Lead ion concentration, Optical sensing, Reflective interferometric structure, Fiber optic sensor, Temperature interference

赵可, 刘震, 刘露遥, 余长源, 潘竞顺, 黄旭光. 用于检测痕量铅离子的功能化反射结构光纤干涉传感器[J]. 物理化学学报, 2024, 40(4), 2304029. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304029

Ke Zhao, Zhen Liu, Luyao Liu, Changyuan Yu, Jingshun Pan, Xuguang Huang. Functionalized Reflective Structure Fiber-Optic Interferometric Sensor for Trace Detection of Lead Ions[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2024, 40(4), 2304029. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304029

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202304029

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2024/V40/I4/2304029

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Parameters	Options/Value
Free space wavelength	1.55 μm
Background refractive index	1
Component width	125 μm
Launch field	Slab mode
Cladding/Core refractive index of SMF	1.444/1.45
Diameter/Refractive index of NCF	125 μm/1.444
Cladding/Core refractive index of TCF	1.444/1.462
Etched cladding/Core diameter of TCF	95 μm/3.2 μm
The length of NCF /TCF	5 mm/80 mm
Diameter/Refractive index of the sensing film	100 μm/1.46

Probe	Sensing method	Dynamic range	LOD	Ref.
L-tyrosine functionalized AgNPs	SPR	1–1000 nmol∙L⁻¹	1 nmol∙L⁻¹	14
amine-functionalized KCC-1	AAS	3–145 nmol∙L⁻¹	0.87 nmol∙L⁻¹	38
liquid crystals doped with an AIE luminogen	Fluorescence	0.02–100 μmol∙L⁻¹	0.65 nmol∙L⁻¹	9
8–17 DNAzyme with catalytic hairpin assembly	Fluorescence	0.5–1000 nmol∙L⁻¹	0.5 nmol∙L⁻¹	10
screen-printed carbon electrodes	Electrochemistry	100–1000 nmol∙L⁻¹	5.1 nmol∙L⁻¹	39
glassy carbon electrode	Electrochemistry	0.8–2.5 μmol∙L⁻¹	74.5 μmol∙L⁻¹	40
Radix Hedysari-mediated AgNPs	Colorimetric	10–500 μmol∙L⁻¹	1.5 μmol∙L⁻¹	11
AgNPs complexed curcumin	Colorimetric	0–200 μmol∙L⁻¹	13.6 µmol∙L⁻¹	41
galloyl group-functionalized polydiacetylene	Colorimetric	0–10 μmol∙L⁻¹	1.329 μmol∙L⁻¹	42
Erio-chrome Black T and hydrogel	Rayleigh scattering	100–500 μmol∙L⁻¹	19.52 μmol∙L⁻¹	43
MZI fiber with hydrogel	Transmissive interference	200–1200 nmol∙L⁻¹	24.52 nmol∙L⁻¹	23
Reflective SNT fiber with hydrogel	Reflective interference	0–100 nmol∙L⁻¹	0.02 nmol∙L⁻¹	This work

用于检测痕量铅离子的功能化反射结构光纤干涉传感器

Functionalized Reflective Structure Fiber-Optic Interferometric Sensor for Trace Detection of Lead Ions

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