物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (9): 100326.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100326

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载量不敏感负介电超复合材料的仿生设计及电磁屏蔽

张星1, 王寒迎2, 郝艳玲1, 屈云鹏3,*(), 汪西慧3, 蒋文鱼3, 李海丰4, 邓淳元5,*(), 祁小四3,*()   

  1. 1 兴义民族师范学院黔西南州微纳功能材料重点实验室, 贵州 兴义 562400
    2 桂林航天工业学院广西壮族自治区贵金属新材料先进流程制造工程研究中心, 广西 桂林 541004
    3 贵州大学物理学院, 贵州 贵阳 550025
    4 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北 十堰 442002
    5 桂林电子科技大学电子工程与自动化学院, 广西 桂林 541004
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-25 修回日期:2026-05-11 录用日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-07-03
  • 通讯作者: Email: ypqu@gzu.edu.cn (屈云鹏)dcy0606dcy@guet.edu.cn (邓淳元)xsqi@gzu.edu.cn (祁小四)

Peanut biomimetic functional phases-engineered metacomposites with loading-insensitive epsilon-negative response for electromagnetic shielding

Xing Zhang1, Hanying Wang2, Yanling Hao1, Yunpeng Qu3,*(), Xihui Wang3, Wenyu Jiang3, Haifeng Li4, Chunyuan Deng5,*(), Xiaosi Qi3,*()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Functional Materials of Qianxinan, Minzu Normal University of Xingyi, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou Province, China
    2 Guangxi Region Precious Metal Materials Advanced Process Research Center, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
    3 College of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
    4 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China
    5 School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2026-03-25 Revised:2026-05-11 Accepted:2026-05-15 Published:2026-07-03
  • Contact: Email: ypqu@gzu.edu.cn (Yunpeng Qu)dcy0606dcy@guet.edu.cn (Chunyuan Deng)xsqi@gzu.edu.cn (Xiaosi Qi)

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摘要：

超复合材料对组分与逾渗结构的高度依赖性导致其负电磁参数的调控幅度过大。本研究基于类花生仿生结构，通过静电纺丝工艺设计合成了一种FeCo@C功能相，并将其与导电聚苯胺(PANI)复合构筑了一组含量梯度的超复合材料。这些超复合材料在10 kHz–50 MHz频段成功实现了极弱负介电负响应(-100 < ε' < 0)。得益于这种碳包覆金属的花生衍生结构，金属的高等离子体振荡强度被有效限制。该材料的填充不敏感性表现为：当FeCo@C含量从2 wt%增加至12 wt%时，全频段负介电频谱基本保持不变。复合材料的多级界面还将电子-空穴双载流子传导与共轭PANI的链内电子跃迁、链间载流子输运相连接，共同构建三维导电网络。相应地，其损耗角正切值(tanδ < 0.2)较金属基超复合材料也显著降低。进一步的阻抗分析揭示了FeCo@C/PANI负介电超复合材料的本征电感特性。最后，我们通过电磁仿真验证了该磁性超复合材料的电磁波散射能力，并探索了其在隐身器件、抗电磁干扰和敏感天线中的应用。

关键词: 超复合材料, 负介电常数, 仿生结构, 电磁屏蔽.

Abstract:

Metacomposites' high dependence on components and percolation structures leads to an overly large regulation amplitude of negative electromagnetic (EM) parameters. This work designed a FeCo@C functional phase synthesized by electrospinning process based on a biomimetic structure similar to peanuts, and combined it with conductive polyaniline (PANI) to form a set of content gradient metacomposites. These metacomposites have successfully achieved an extremely weak epsilon-negative response (-100 < ε' < 0) in the whole 10 kHz–50 MHz frequency band. Thanks to this peanut-like derived structure of carbon-coated metal, the high plasmonic oscillation intensity of the metal is effectively limited. The filling insensitivity of these metacomposites is manifested as the epsilon-negative spectra remaining basically unchanged throughout the entire frequency band with adjusting FeCo@C content from 2 wt% to 12 wt%. The metacomposites' multi-level interfaces also connect the electron-hole double carrier conductance and the intra-chain electron jumps and inter-chain carrier transitions of the conjugated PANI to jointly construct a three-dimensional conductive network. Correspondingly, their loss tangent angles (tanδ < 0.2) are also significantly reduced compared to metal-matrix metacomposites. Further impedance analysis revealed the intrinsic inductance of the epsilon-negative FeCo@C/PANI metacomposites. Finally, we conducted EM simulation on the scattering ability of EM waves of this magnetic metacomposites and explored its applications in stealth devices, anti-EM interference, and sensitive antennas.

Key words: Metacomposites, Negative permittivity, Bionic structure, Electromagnetic shielding