物理化学学报 >> 2020, Vol. 36 >> Issue (12): 2005038.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202005038

所属专题： 神经界面

综述 上一篇    下一篇

电刺激治疗神经系统损伤疾病：研究进展与展望

单义珠1,2, 封红青1,2,*(), 李舟1,2,*()   

  1. 1 中国科学院北京纳米能源与系统研究所，北京 100083
    2 中国科学院大学纳米科学与技术学院，北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-14 录用日期:2020-06-10 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 封红青,李舟 E-mail:fenghongqing@binn.cas.cn;zli@binn.cas.cn
  • 作者简介:Dr. Hongqing Feng received her Doctor's Degree in Peking University, Beijing. She is currently working as an associate professor at Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, CAS. Her research interest includes anti-bacterial technologies and the biomedical applications of nanogenerators|Prof. Zhou Li received his Ph.D. from Peking University in Department of Biomedical Engineering in 2010. Currently, he is a Professor in Beijing Istitute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, CAS. His reaserch interests include nanogenerators, in vivo energy harvesters and self-powered medical devices, biosensors
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81971770);国家自然科学基金(61875015);中国科学院大学;国家万人计划“青年拔尖”项目

Electrical Stimulation for Nervous System Injury: Research Progress and Prospects

Yizhu Shan1,2, Hongqing Feng1,2,*(), Zhou Li1,2,*()   

  1. 1 Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
    2 School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
  • Received:2020-05-14 Accepted:2020-06-10 Published:2020-06-15
  • Contact: Hongqing Feng,Zhou Li E-mail:fenghongqing@binn.cas.cn;zli@binn.cas.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971770);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875015);the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;the National Youth Talent Support Program

RichHTML

82

PDF

1044

赞

摘要：

神经系统损伤会扰乱神经系统内的通讯，导致基本神经功能丧失和瘫痪，这不仅给患者本人带来身体和心理上的极大伤害，严重影响患者的生活质量，还会对家庭乃至整个社会造成巨大的经济负担。自20世纪40年代的研究人员发现外源电场(EF)可以诱导神经细胞产生更多的神经突以及引导轴突定向及加速生长之后，电刺激疗法即被纳入神经损伤的治疗研究中来，并在几十年的发展中涌现出很多的优秀成果。本综述讨论了EFs对神经细胞的影响，以及应用EFs进行外周神经(PNS)和中枢神经(CNS)损伤的研究进展。在PNS中，EF能够刺激受损肢体神经的再生和功能恢复。在CNS中，可以使用EF刺激实现轴突再生并恢复患者的行走能力。另外，近年来关于一种新型的电刺激源——纳米发电机的研究进展迅速。纳米发电机是可将机械能直接转换为电能的创新能源器件。将其应用于生物医学领域，可以收集人体运动的机械能并直接输出电刺激，而不再需要外界的电能供应，这有望为电刺激治疗带来重大的创新和变革。本综述概述了近年来纳米发电机在神经系统疾病治疗方面的研究进展和应用实例。

关键词: 电刺激, 神经系统损伤, 神经电极, 功能修复, 纳米发电机

Abstract:

Nervous system injury can disrupt communications between neurons, leading to loss of basic nerve functions and even paralysis. The clinical prognosis of nervous system injury is usually poor. This adversely affects the physical and mental health of patients and their families, and causes serious economic losses to the society. Due to slow and incomplete healing, the regenerative capacity of the nervous system is limited. Despite development of various biomedical treatment options such as, stem cell transplantation, neurotrophic factors and scaffold application, it is still very difficult to achieve adequate therapeutic effects that can benefit clinical practice. It is worth noting that nervous system components are closely related to electric fields (EFs), and a fundamental property of neurons is plasticity in response to endogenous and exogenous electrical stimulations. Electrical stimulation has been applied by researchers to induce nerve repair. This review summarizes the progress in research on EFs on neurons and applications of EFs in the treatment of peripheral nerve system and central nerve system injuries, focusing on the methods and effects of electrical stimulation. Research using direct, alternating, and pulsed EFs, with various parameters, has all demonstrated its positive effects on nerve healing and motor function recovery. Research on nanogenerators (NGs), a novel electrical stimulation technology that can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, has achieved great progress in recent years. In biomedicine, NGs can collect the mechanical energy of human motion and convert it into electrical stimulations without requiring an external power supply, which can lead to significant innovations in electrical stimulation therapy. This review also discusses the recent applications of NGs in the treatment of nervous system diseases. NGs can be used to fabricate miniature, ultra-thin, flexible, and biodegradable healthcare devices according to different application scenarios such as in vivo or in vitro. NGs have enabled specific applications in deep brain stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, muscle stimulation, and sensory substitution to restore nervous system function. In order to apply electrical stimulation therapy in the clinical setting and improve the quality of life of patients with neurological injuries, further research into stimulation devices and their settings and parameters is highly desirable.

Key words: Electrical stimulation, Nervous system injury, Neural electrode, Functional recovery, Nanogenerator