物理化学学报 >> 2025, Vol. 41 >> Issue (4): 100035.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202406014

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钠离子电池铁基聚阴离子正极材料研究进展

王禹尧1,†, 曹志涛1,†, 杜泽宇1, 曹鑫鑫1,2,*(), 梁叔全1,2,*()   

  1. 1 中南大学材料科学与工程学院, 长沙 410083
    2 中南大学电子封装及先进功能材料湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-13 修回日期:2024-07-09 录用日期:2024-07-09 发布日期:2024-12-28
  • 通讯作者: Email: caoxinxin@csu.edu.cn (曹鑫鑫)lsq@csu.edu.cn (梁叔全)
  • 作者简介:

    †These authors contributed equally to this work.

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51932011); 湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ10060); 湖南省青年科技人才(荷尖)项目(2022RC1078)

Research Progress of Iron-based Polyanionic Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Yuyao Wang1, Zhitao Cao1, Zeyu Du1, Xinxin Cao1,2,*(), Shuquan Liang1,2,*()   

  1. 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
  • Received:2024-06-13 Revised:2024-07-09 Accepted:2024-07-09 Published:2024-12-28
  • Contact: Email: caoxinxin@csu.edu.cn (Xinxin Cao)lsq@csu.edu.cn (Shuquan Liang)
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51932011); the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ10060); the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1078)

摘要:

钠离子电池由于资源储量丰富、原料成本低廉、低温和快充性能优异等特点,在电网储能和低速交通领域可与锂离子电池形成互补,具有十分可观的应用前景。正极材料是影响电池整体性能的核心,它既是钠离子电池比能量提高的瓶颈,也是决定电池成本的最重要因素。低成本铁基聚阴离子正极材料由于结构稳定性好、安全性高、随充放电体积应变小等优势,从基础研究到成果产业化方面均受到广泛关注。本文综述了钠离子电池铁基聚阴离子正极材料的最新进展,包括铁基磷酸盐、铁基氟磷酸盐、铁基焦磷酸盐、铁基硫酸盐、铁基混合聚阴离子化合物等。系统分析讨论了各类铁基聚阴离子材料的晶体结构、制备方法、储钠机理和改性策略等,揭示铁基聚阴离子材料化学组成、结构调控与性能提升的构效关系。展望了铁基聚阴离子正极材料从实验室基础研究走向大规模产业应用过程中面临的挑战和对策建议。为新型低成本、高比能正极材料的探索开发和钠离子电池的产业化推进提供理论和技术指导。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 正极材料, 铁基聚阴离子化合物, 晶体结构, 电化学性能

Abstract:

Sodium ion batteries, due to their abundant resources, low raw material costs, excellent performance in low-temperature conditions, and fast charging capabilities, offer promising prospects for power grid energy storage and low-speed transportation. They serve as a complementary alternative to lithium-ion batteries. The cathode material is crucial for overall battery performance, acting as a bottleneck for enhancing the specific energy of sodium-ion batteries and a significant factor influencing costs. Low-cost iron-based polyanionic cathode materials have garnered attention in basic research and industrialization due to their inherent advantages: excellent structural stability, high safety levels, and minimal volume strain during charge-discharge cycles. These advantages are pivotal for practical implementations in electric vehicles, large-scale energy storage systems, portable electronics, and related applications. However, challenges such as capacity decay and structural stability during prolonged cycling may limit their industrial applicability. Therefore, enhancing material cycling life and battery system stability are critical concerns. Additionally, researchers are focused on discovering new iron-based polyanion cathode materials with high specific capacity, operating voltage, and conductivity. This review comprehensively covers recent advancements in iron-based polyanionic cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries, encompassing iron-based phosphates, fluorophosphates, pyrophosphates, sulfates, and mixed polyanionic compounds. The analysis systematically explores crystal structures, preparation methods, sodium storage mechanisms, and modification strategies for various iron-based polyanionic materials, elucidating the structure-activity relationship between chemical composition, structural regulation techniques, and performance enhancement. Moreover, the article discusses challenges encountered during the transition from laboratory-scale research to large-scale industrial applications of iron-based polyanion cathode materials, along with corresponding solutions. These insights aim to offer theoretical and technical guidance for developing novel, low-cost cathode materials with high specific energy densities and advancing the industrialization of sodium-ion batteries.

Key words: Sodium-ion battery, Cathode material, Iron-based polyanionic compound, Crystal structure, Electrochemical property