物理化学学报 >> 2025, Vol. 41 >> Issue (5): 100045.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100045

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基于稳态电热法的石墨烯膜导热系数的精确可靠测量

陆嘉灏1, 明鑫1, 刘英军1,2,*(), 郝媛媛1, 张佩娟1, 施淞瀚1, 毛艺1, 于悦1, 蔡盛赢3, 许震1,2, 高超1,2,*()   

  1. 1 浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系, 高分子合成与功能构造教育部重点实验室, 浙江省新型吸附分离材料与应用技术重点实验室, 杭州 310027
    2 山西浙大新材料与化工研究院, 太原 030032
    3 浙江大学绍兴研究院, 浙江 绍兴 312000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-04 修回日期:2024-08-22 录用日期:2024-08-26 发布日期:2025-04-18
  • 通讯作者: Email: yingjunliu@zju.edu.cn (刘英军)chaogao@zju.edu.cn (高超)
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52272046); 国家自然科学基金(52090030); 国家自然科学基金(52090031); 国家自然科学基金(51973191); 国家自然科学基金(52122301); 国家自然科学基金(52303354); 浙江省自然科学基金(LR23E020003); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(226-2024-00074); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(226-2023-00023); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(226-2023-00082); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2023QZJH26); 山西浙大新材料与化工研究院(2022SZ-TD011); 山西浙大新材料与化工研究院(2022SZ-TD012); 山西浙大新材料与化工研究院(2021SZ-FR004)

High-Precision and Reliable Thermal Conductivity Measurement for Graphene Films Based on an Improved Steady-State Electric Heating Method

Jiahao Lu1, Xin Ming1, Yingjun Liu1,2,*(), Yuanyuan Hao1, Peijuan Zhang1, Songhan Shi1, Yi Mao1, Yue Yu1, Shengying Cai3, Zhen Xu1,2, Chao Gao1,2,*()   

  1. 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    2 Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, China
    3 Center for Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2024-07-04 Revised:2024-08-22 Accepted:2024-08-26 Published:2025-04-18
  • Contact: Email: yingjunliu@zju.edu.cn (Yingjun Liu)chaogao@zju.edu.cn (Chao Gao)
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272046); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52090030); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52090031); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973191); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52122301); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303354); the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR23E020003); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00074); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2023-00023); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2023-00082); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023QZJH26); Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering(2022SZ-TD011); Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering(2022SZ-TD012); Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering(2021SZ-FR004)

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摘要：

高导热石墨烯膜是近年来备受关注的高功率电子器件用散热材料。导热系数作为一项评价其基础性能的重要参数，实现其精确测量对于理解材料基础物性、优化制备工艺以及实际工程应用都具有重要意义。然而，现有的商业化导热测试设备，囿于测试原理、样品尺寸等因素，难以同时实现高效、准确、可靠的测量。开发操作简便、测试快捷、精度优异、可跨尺度的测量方案仍是一个重要挑战。本文提出基于稳态电热法的石墨烯膜导热系数的精确可靠测量方法，结合实验测试与仿真模拟，基于原理分析、测试优化、数据处理等三个方面，显著提升导热测量的精度与效率。测量结果的准确性受到热损校正、样品尺寸、系统设计以及数据处理等四方面因素影响。实验结果表明，热辐射和热对流引起的热损失会影响样品的温度分布和测量结果，可通过控制样品尺寸和温升来控制。对实验数据进行筛选和预处理也可以有效提高测量精度。通过实验与仿真结合，我们提出了可行的操作指南与标准化的测试方案。通过优化，该方法测量误差低于3.0%，不确定性降至0.5%，响应时间达毫秒级。本工作为准确评估材料导热性能提供有益指导，也为导热材料的热管理工程应用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 石墨烯膜, 导热系数, 稳态技术, 有限元模拟

Abstract:

The graphene film with high thermal conductivity has garnered considerable attention in recent years as an ideal material for dissipating heat in high-power electronic devices. Thermal conductivity is a crucial parameter for evaluating its fundamental performance. High-precision measurement holds significant importance for understanding its basic properties, fabrication optimization, and industrial applications. However, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve efficient, accurate, and reliable measurements with existing commercial thermal conductivity testing methods. The development of a convenient, high-precision, and reliable measurement approach remains a great challenge. Here, we introduce a thermal conductivity testing methodology with superior accuracy and excellent efficiency based on an improved steady-state electric heating method, refined through the optimization of heat transfer principles, experimental operation, and data analysis, supported by finite element simulation. The accuracy of measurements is affected by four factors: heat loss calibration, sample size, device design, and data treatment. The experimental results show that the heat loss caused by heat radiation and heat convection affects the temperature distribution and the measurements of the sample, which should be strictly controlled by sample size and temperature rise. Reasonable screening and preprocessing of data are also necessary to improve measurement accuracy. Through the comparative analysis of the temperature distribution and thermal conductivity measurements of samples under different conditions, we propose feasible operational guidance and a standardized testing protocol to minimize measurement error. The measurement error is less than 3.0%, and uncertainty is reduced to 0.5%. Simulation results confirm that the response time of this method is down to milliseconds, correlating well with the experiment, which can effectively improve test efficiency. Considering the combined merits of high accuracy, repeatability, and fast response, the improved steady-state electric heating method offers useful guidance for the accurate evaluation of the thermal conductivity of materials and crucial technical support for research and application in thermal management.

Key words: Graphene film, Thermal conductivity, Steady-state technology, Finite element simulation