Fig 1

Schematic representation of the sample preparation process in this study (a), Evolution of the BIEF (b), Influence of MoS2 composition on the samples (c)."

Fig 2

SEM images of P-CF (a1), EDS element energy spectrogram of P-CF (a2)–(a4), SEM images of N-MoS2 (b1), EDS element energy spectrogram of N-MoS2 (b2)–(b4). SEM images of CNM (c) (c1, c3 and c4 represent CNM-0.5, CNM-1 and CNM-2), SEM images of CNM PCNM (d) (d1, d3 and d4 represent PCNM-0.5, PCNM-1 and PCNM-2), and SEM images of PCNM-0.5 (e). EDS element energy spectrogram of PCNM-0.5 (f1–f5). TEM images of N-MoS2-0.5 (g1), (h1). HRTEM images of N-MoS2-0.5 (g2), (h2)."

Fig 3

The XRD patterns of N-MoS2 and pure MoS2 (a), and the XRD patterns of PCNM samples with different MoS2 compositions (b). Raman spectra and their ID/IG values for six CNM and PCNM samples with varying compositions (c). The XPS spectra of PCNM, N-MoS2, and P-CF (d). The XPS spectra of S 2p (e), Mo 3d (f), N 1s (g), C 1s (h), and P 2p (i) in PCNM-0.5 sample."

Fig 4

The complex permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss tangent of CM-0.5, CNM-0.5, and PCNM-0.5 samples (a–c). The comparison of 2D and 3D RF absorption performance of CM-0.5, CNM-0.5, and PCNM-0.5 samples (d–f). The impedance matching characteristics of the PCNM-0.5 sample (h). The attenuation constants of CM, CNM, and PCNM-0.5 samples (g). The impedance matching behavior of PCNM-0.5 at various thicknesses (top). The RL curves of PCNM-0.5 samples under a thickness gradient of 1.0–1.7 mm (bottom) (i)."

Fig 5

Relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss tangent of CNM and PCNM samples with varying N-MoS2 content (a–c). 2D and 3D RF absorption performance of the PCNM-1 sample (d, e). The attenuation constant of PCNM samples with varying N-MoS2 content (f). The impedance matching characteristics of PCNM-1 are illustrated (g). The impedance matching characteristics of PCNM-1 at different thicknesses are displayed in (top) and the RL curves of PCNM-1 samples at thicknesses ranging from 1.0 to 1.7 mm (bottom) (h). A comparative analysis of the comprehensive properties among seven samples, CM-0.5, CNM-0.5, CNM-1, CNM-2, PCNM-0.5, PCNM-1, and PCNM-2 (i)."

Fig 6

The simulated far-field responses of PEC, CM-0.5, CNM-0.54, CNM-1, CNM-2, PCNM-0.5, PCNM-1, and PCNM-2 (17.52 GHz, 1.2 mm) (a). The simulated RCS curves for the corresponding samples (b). The absorption mechanism of PCNM-1 (c). The operating mechanism of the BIEF under an applied electric field (d)."