用于丝网印刷光电化学生物传感器的功能纳米材料的最新进展

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310046

Abstract

Abstract:

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors have attracted intensive attention due to their advantages, including low background, high sensitivity, high specificity and rapid response. In recent years, the introduction of disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPE) has greatly facilitated the development of PEC biosensors, making screen-printed PEC biosensors a promising analytical tool for various applications. Photoactive nanomaterials play a crucial role in the construction of screen-printed PEC biosensors as they can be used not only as photoelectric conversion platforms but also as loading platforms for recognition elements. However, pure photoactive materials usually suffer from some drawbacks, such as inherent toxicity, wide bandgap, and high electron-hole pair recombination rate. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the photoelectric properties of these materials through various design strategies. Moreover, to obtain highly sensitive screen-printed PEC biosensors, it is usually necessary to combine the high-performance photoelectrodes with various signal amplification strategies. In view of this, we provide the first systematic summary of photoactive materials for screen-printed PEC biosensors in this paper, classifying them into four main categories: metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbon nanomaterials and bismuth-based nanomaterials. Meanwhile, we focus on the design strategies for photoactive materials, including morphology modulation, elemental doping, and heterostructure construction. In addition, we introduce signal amplification strategies, such as the enzyme label amplification (ELA) strategy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy, and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) strategy, through representative screen-printed PEC immunosensors and screen-printed PEC aptasensors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and prospects of screen-printed PEC biosensors. We hope to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the recent advances in screen-printed PEC biosensors and provide a feasible guidance for the future development of this field.

Key words: Photoelectrochemical analysis, Biosensor, Screen-printed electrode, Photoactive materials, Signal amplification technique

Yang Meiqing, Lu Wang, Haozi Lu, Yaocheng Yang, Song Liu. Recent Advances of Functional Nanomaterials for Screen-Printed Photoelectrochemical Biosensors[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2025, 41(2), 100018. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310046

Figures/Tables 11

Fig 1

Fig 2

Table 1

Summary of metal oxide-based screen-printed PEC biosensors."

Electrode	Photoactive material	Recognition element	Target	Limit of detection	Linear range	Ref.
CdS/ZnO/PDDA-CNTs/PWE	CdS QD/ZnO spheres	antibody	CEA	4 pg∙mL⁻¹	0.01 to 50 ng·mL⁻¹	36
CdS/ZnO/Au@Pt-PWE	CdS QD/ZnO nanorods	antibody	CEA; AFP	CEA: 0.3 pg·mL⁻¹; AFP: 0.5 pg·mL⁻¹	1.0 pg·mL⁻¹ to 100 ng·mL⁻¹	37
ZnO/Au PWE	CdS nanorods/ ZnO spheres	antibody	PSA	2.3 pg·mL⁻¹	0.005 to 150 ng·mL⁻¹	38
CdS/ZnO/rGO-PWE	CdS QDs/ZnO nanorods	antibody	CA 125	2.0 × 10⁻⁴ U·mL⁻¹	5.0 × 10⁻⁴ U·mL⁻¹ to 500 U·mL⁻¹	39
CdS/ZnO/rGO/cellulose	CdS QDs/leaf-shape ZnO	capture DNA	adenosine; potassium ion	adenosine: 0.15 nM ^*; potassium ion: 0.06 nM	adenosine: 0.5 nM to 50 μM; potassium ion: 0.1 nM to 50 μM	40
CdS/ZnO/PAE	CdS QDs/ZnO nanotubes	aptamer	PSA	0.34 pg·mL⁻¹	0.001 to 80 ng·mL⁻¹	41
CdS/rGO/ZnO/Au-PWE	CdS QDs/rGO/ ZnO nanorods	hairpin DNA	miRNA-21; miRNA-122b; miRNA-7f	miRNA-21: 0.32 fM; miRNA-122b: 0.37 fM; miRNA-7f: 3.8 fM	miRNA-21: 0.5 fM to 100 pM; miRNA-122b: 0.5 fM to 100 pM; miRNA-7f: 10 fM to 100 pM	42
CdSe/ZnO/Au/SPCE	CdSe QDs/ZnO networks	aptamer	ATP	6.3 nM	10 nM to 3 μM	43
CdTe/ZnO/Au-PWE	CdTe QDs/ZnO spheres	aptamer	MCF-7 cell	21 cells·mL⁻¹	63–1.0 × 10⁷ cell·mL⁻¹	44
ZnO/CuInS₂/PAE	ZnO nanoflakes/ CuInS₂/Ag₂Se QDs	hairpin DNA	miRNA-141	16.7 fM	50 fM to 100 pM	45
Au/ZnO/graphene/ITO	ZnO naospheres/graphene	aptamer	SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell	58 cells·mL⁻¹	1 × 10²−1 × 10⁶ cells·mL⁻¹	46
N-Cdots/ZnO/ Au@3D-rGO/cellulose	N-Cdots/astroid ZnO	aptamer	thrombin	16.7 fM	50 fM to 1000 pM	47
GQDs/ZnO/Au	ZnO nanorods/GQDs/Ag₂Se QDs	aptamer	MCF-7 cell	198 cells·mL⁻¹	5.0 × 10² to 5.0 × 10⁶ cells·mL⁻¹	48
Ag₂Se/GQDs/ZnO/Au-PWE	Ag₂Se/GQDs/ZnO nanosheets	DNA	miRNA-141	52 aM	0.15 fM to 2 nM	49
ZnNc-COOH/ZnO/Au-PWE	ZnNc-COOH/ZnO nanorods	antibody	CEA	1.6 pg·mL⁻¹	0.005–100 ng·mL⁻¹	50
AuNPs/CS/TiO₂-graphene/CS/SPCE	TiO₂ nanobelts-graphene	antibody	CEA	0.28 pg·mL⁻¹	0.5–8000 pg·mL⁻¹	51
Amb/Ni_x-gC₃N₄/TiO₂/SPCE	Amb/Ni_x-gC₃N₄/TiO₂ nanoparticles	antibody	PSA	0.06 fg·mL⁻¹	10⁻¹⁶–10⁻⁸ g·mL⁻¹	52
N-Cdots/TiO₂-Pt/PWE	N-Cdots/TiO₂ nanoparticle	aptamer	CEA	1.0 pg·mL⁻¹	0.002–200 ng·mL⁻¹	53
N-Cdots/TiO₂/Pt/PWE	N-Cdots/TiO₂ nanotubes	primer strand	CEA	0.48 pg·mL⁻¹	0.001–200 ng·mL⁻¹	54
CdS/TiO₂/Au-PWE	CdS/TiO₂	antibody	CEA	0.065 pg·mL⁻¹	0.1 pg·mL⁻¹–5 μg·mL⁻¹	55
cellulose paper/PSATs/CdS	PSATs/CdS	ssDNA	cTnI	0.47 fg·mL⁻¹	1.2 fg·mL⁻¹–20 ng·mL⁻¹	56
TiO₂@Au/ITO	TiO₂@Au/CdS Z-scheme structure	ssDNA	nine HPV genotyping	0.1 copies·μL⁻¹	0.6–600 copies·μL⁻¹	57
TiO₂/MIL-125-NH₂/Au-PWE	TiO₂/MIL-125-NH₂	DNA	miRNA-182-5p	0.09 fM	10^–16 to 10^–10 M	58
CuO/rGO/cellulose	CuO nanoflowers	aptamer	ATP	2.1 nM	5.0 to 3.0 × 10³ nM	59
Bi₂S₃-BiVO₄/Cu₂O/PAE	BiVO₄-Bi₂S₃/Cu₂O	hairpin DNA	miRNA-141	0.17 fM	0.5 fM to 5 nM	60
BiVO₄/Cu₂O/rGO-PWE	BiVO₄/Cu₂O	DNA	miRNA-141	83 aM	0.25 fM to 1 nM	61
Au-PWE/FeOOH/Cu₂O/CuS	FeOOH/Cu₂O/CuS	DNA	miRNA-141	0.11 fM	0.3 fM to 10 nM	62
WO₃/SPE	flower-like WO₃	antibody	okadaic acid	0.007 ng·mL⁻¹	0.01–60 ng·mL⁻¹	63
WO₃/Fe₂O₃/Au-PWE	WO₃/Fe₂O₃	aptamer	mucin 1; miRNA-21	mucin 1: 3.4 fg·mL⁻¹; miRNA-21: 36 fM	mucin 1: 10 fg·mL⁻¹–100 ng·mL⁻¹; miRNA-21: 0.1 pM–10 nM	64
In₂S₃-P/WO₃/Au-PWE	In₂S₃-P/WO₃	aptamer	OTA	0.052 pg·mL⁻¹	10⁻¹³ to 10⁻⁷ g·mL⁻¹	65
SnO₂ QD/rGO/Au-PWE	SnO₂ QD/rGO	ssDNA	ATP	0.025 pM	0.1 pM to 100 nM	66
Sn-self doped SnO_2−x/Au-PWE	Sn-self doped SnO_2−x nanotubes	antibody	AFP	3.84 pg·mL⁻¹	10 pg·mL⁻¹ to 200 ng·mL⁻¹	67
CeO₂-PTNs	CeO₂-PTNs heterostructure	hairpin DNA	thrombin	6.7 fM	0.02 pM to 100 pM	68
CQDs-MnO₂/SPCE	CQDs-MnO₂ heterojunctions	antibody	AFP	9.3 pg·mL⁻¹	0.01 to 100 ng·mL⁻¹	69
In₂O₃-In₂S₃/SPE	In₂O₃-In₂S₃	Cas12a-CrRNA	HPV-16	1.2 pM	5.0 to 5000 pM	70

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Electrode	Photoactive material	Recognition element	Target	Limit of detection	Linear range	Ref.
CdS/PDDA-CNTs/PWE	CdS NPs	antibody	CEA	2.1 pg·mL⁻¹	0.01 to 50 ng·mL⁻¹	73
CdS/PDDA-CNTs/PWE	CdS NPs	aptamer	ATP	0.2 pM	1.0 pM to 1.0 nM	74
CdS/PDDA-GR/ Au-PWE	CdS NPs	ssDNA	DNA	15 fM	50.0 fM to 100 nM	75
CdS/SPCE	CdS QDs	antibody	HSA	1.97 ng·mL⁻¹	0 to 100 ng·mL⁻¹	76
CdS-Fe₃O₄/SPE	CdS QDs-Fe₃O₄	antibody	AFB₁	5.0 pg·mL⁻¹	0.01 to 80 ng·mL⁻¹	77
Au/SPCE	Au/PANI@CdS	antibody	Cyfra 21-1	0.035 pg·mL⁻¹	0.1 pg·mL⁻¹ – 100 ng·mL⁻¹	78
CdS@CdMoO₄/ SPE	hollow CdS/CdMoO₄ heterostructures	antibody	CEA	11.3 pg·mL⁻¹	0.02 to 50.0 ng·mL⁻¹	79
EGNPs/CdTe-GO/SPE	CdTe QDs-GO	aptamer	17β-estradiol	0.01 pM	0.04 to 10 pM	80
Au/SPE	SnSe QD	antibody	CA19-9	0.0011 U·mL⁻¹	0.005–100 U·mL⁻¹	81
MSPPE	rGO-MoS₂ sheets	antibody	Escherichia coli O157:H7	2.0 CFU·mL⁻¹	5.0 – 5.0 × 10⁶ CFU·mL⁻¹	82
ZnIn₂S₄/SPE	ZnIn₂S₄	antibody	AFP	0.01 ng·mL⁻¹	0.05 to 1 ng·mL⁻¹ and 5 to 100 ng·mL⁻¹	83
Co₉S₈@ZnIn₂S₄/ SPE	Co₉S₈@ZnIn₂S₄ heterostructures	antibody	HER2	3.5 pg·mL⁻¹	0.01 to 10 ng·mL⁻¹	84
CuInS₂/CoIn₂S₄/ Au-WE	CuInS₂/CoIn₂S₄	hairpin DNA	miRNA-141	0.29 pM	0.5 pM to 2 nM	85

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Recent Advances of Functional Nanomaterials for Screen-Printed Photoelectrochemical Biosensors

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