Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 100384.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100384

• ARTICLE • Previous Articles    

An organic/inorganic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl) porphyrin/Bi2WO6 S-scheme heterojunction for boosted photocatalytic destruction of antibiotics in water

Fenglan Liang1, Deyun Ma1, Wuwan Xiong1, Yanping Liu2, Xin Yu3, Xiaobing Wang4, Fang Yang5, Tong Liu6, Yang Guo7, Zaiwang Zhao8, Shijie Li2,3   

  1. 1 School of Life Sciences, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, Guangdong Province, China;
    2 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Port-Petrochemical Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang Province, China;
    3 State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Synthesis and Conversion, College of New Energy and Intelligent Manufacturing, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China;
    4 School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, Guangdong Province, China;
    5 College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China;
    6 Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, Hubei Province, China;
    7 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China;
    8 College of Energy Materials and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2026-06-20 Revised:2026-07-30 Accepted:2026-08-06 Published:2026-09-29
  • Contact: Deyun Ma, Yanping Liu, Xin Yu, Shijie Li E-mail:mady@zqu.edu.cn;liuyp@zjou.edu.cn;xinyu@henu.edu.cn;lishijie@zjou.edu.cn

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Abstract: Solar-driven catalysis provides an environmentally benign and energy-sustainable pathway to address pressing global energy and environmental challenges. However, its practical application remains hindered by the suboptimal performance of available photocatalysts. Herein, we report a novel organic/inorganic heterojunction photocatalyst, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS)/Bi2WO6 (BWO), fabricated by anchoring TPPS onto BWO microspheres. This unique architecture substantially amplifies the internal electric field (IEF) at the heterointerface, thereby promoting efficient charge carrier migration between the two components. Notably, photogenerated holes with strong oxidizing ability accumulate on the BWO surface and participate in hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation. Concurrently, the highly reductive electrons separated on the TPPS component are rapidly captured by molecular oxygen, reducing it to superoxide radicals (•O2-). This synergistic charge partitioning accelerates both the separation and the functional utilization of the strongest reducing and oxidizing species within the system. The resultant reactive radicals, together with the surface-accumulated holes, serve as the primary active species, driving an exceptional degradation efficiency of 90.2%. Consequently, the TPPS/BWO heterojunction achieves a tetracycline abatement rate constant approximately 3.2 folds greater than that of pristine BWO. Mechanistic investigations, integrating experimental characterization with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, reveal that the elevated activity stems from the formation of an organic/inorganic S-scheme heterojunction between TPPS and BWO. This configuration effectively preserves the superior redox capability of the heterojunction system. Overall, this work offers fresh insights into the rational design of organic/inorganic heterointerfaces for photocatalytic environmental remediation.

Key words: Organic/inorganic heterojunction, Bi2WO6, TPPS, Internal electric field, S-scheme mechanism, Water purification