Fig 1

(a) Schematic diagram of the synthesis of YBTPy. (b) Synthesis process of the CP composite material. (c) TEM image, (d, e) HRTEM images, (f) HAADF image, and (g‒j) EDX images of CP5"

Fig 2

(a) XRD pattern of YBTPy. (b) XRD patterns, (c) FT-IR spectra, and (d) TGA curves of CdS, YBTPy, and CPx composites. Inset: zoom-in TGA curves of CdS and CPx composites in the range of 400–600 ℃."

Fig 3

(a) H2 production rate of each photocatalyst after 1 h of illumination. (b) Photocatalytic H2 production cycling test of CP5."

Fig 4

(a) UV-vis DRS of CdS, YBTPy, and CPx composites. Mott-Schottky curves of (b) CdS and (c) YBTPy. (d) Band structure diagrams of CdS and YBTPy."

Fig 5

(a) AFM image of CP5. (b, c) Surface potential distribution of CP5 under (b) dark and (c) illumination conditions. (d) Contact potential difference (CPD) distribution from point A to point B. (e) Schematic illustration of photoirradiation KPFM."

Fig 6

High-resolution ISIXPS spectra of (a) N 1s in YBTPy and CP5 and (b) Cd 3d in CdS and CP5."

Fig 7

Schematic diagram of the charge transfer process in S-scheme CP heterojunction."

Fig 8

(a) PL spectra of CdS and CP5. (b) Schematic illustration of the radiative relaxation pathways in CdS."

Fig 9

(a, b) TRPL spectra of CdS and CP5 at (a) 517 nm and (b) 620 nm. (c) EIS Nyquist plots and (d) photocurrent density curves of CdS, YBTPy, and CP5."

Fig 10

(a, b) 2D mapping TA spectra of (a) CdS and (b) CP5. (c–e) TA spectra curves of (c) CdS, (d) CP5, and (e) YBTPy. (f) Decay kinetic curves of GSB peaks in TA spectra for CdS and CP5 with or without scavenger conditions."

Fig 11

(a, b) Normalized decay kinetic curves of (a) CdS and (b) CP5 at 500 nm. (c) The decay pathways of photogenerated electrons in CdS and CP5 composite."