物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (7): 100272.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100272

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选择性热辐射聚酰亚胺复合织物的可控构筑及其红外隐身与电磁防护性能研究

来凯鑫1,†, 王克1,†, 唐新伟1, 孙甜1, 李炎2, 胡志伟1, 李薇1, 洪威1, 陈文凯1, 蒋鑫怡1, 王子成1,*(), 刘天西1,*()   

  1. 1 江南大学化学与材料工程学院, 合成与生物胶体教育部重点实验室, 纳米能源复合材料国际联合研究实验室, 江苏 无锡 214122
    2 江苏富乐华半导体科技有限公司, 江苏 盐城 214000
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-28 修回日期:2026-02-20 录用日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通讯作者: Email: wangzc@jiangnan.edu.cn (王子成)txliu@jiangnan.edu.cn (刘天西)
  • 作者简介:

    †这些作者对这项工作做出了同等贡献

Selective thermal radiation polyimide composite fabric for efficient infrared stealth and electromagnetic protection

Kaixin Lai1, Ke Wang1, Xinwei Tang1, Tian Sun1, Yan Li2, Zhiwei Hu1, Wei Li1, Wei Hong1, Wenkai Chen1, Xinyi Jiang1, Zicheng Wang1,*(), Tianxi Liu1,*()   

  1. 1 The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
    2 Jiangsu Ferrotec Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd., Yancheng 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2026-01-28 Revised:2026-02-20 Accepted:2026-02-27 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: Email: wangzc@jiangnan.edu.cn (Zicheng Wang)txliu@jiangnan.edu.cn (Tianxi Liu)

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摘要：

传统金属材料在整个红外波段均表现出较低的发射率，这易导致红外隐身材料表面热量的过度积累，从而引起表面温度异常升高，限制了红外隐身性能的进一步优化。针对上述问题，本文通过将湿法化学金属化工艺与聚酰胺66 (PA66)涂层相结合策略，在聚酰亚胺织物(PI)表面构筑了一种具有选择性热辐射特性的聚酰亚胺复合织物(PA66/Ni@PI)。采用银活化化学镀镍工艺有效促进了连续导电网络的形成，使材料表现出较低的红外发射率。得益于聚酰胺独特的分子结构特性，PA66涂层在3–5 μm和8–14 μm大气窗口波段具有较高的透过率，从而有利于Ni@PI低发射率特性的有效呈现；同时，其在5–8 μm非大气窗口波段表现出较高的吸收率，赋予PA66/Ni@PI体系较高的发射率，有助于实现辐射冷却效果。基于上述选择性热辐射调控机制，材料能够在不同红外波段实现发射率的协同调控，从而获得优异的红外隐身性能。此外，连续致密的镍镀层的有效构筑成功赋予复合织物以优异的电磁屏蔽性能。如此优异的综合性能使PA66/Ni@PI复合织物有望成为极具竞争优势的候选材料而被应用于高温军事伪装领域。

关键词: 聚酰亚胺, 织物, 选择性热辐射, 红外隐身, 电磁防护

Abstract:

The low emissivity of traditional metal across the entire infrared spectrum causes excessive heat accumulation on the infrared stealth materials. It leads to an abnormally elevation in surface temperature, restricting the optimization of infrared stealth performance. In this paper, a robust selective thermal radiation polyimide composite fabric (PA66/Ni@PI) is prepared by integrating wet-chemical metallization with polyamide 66 (PA66) coating on the surface of polyimide fabric (PI). A silver-activated electroless nickel plating effectively promotes the formation of conductive network with low infrared emissivity. Benefited from the existence of unique polyamide structure, the high transmittance of PA66 coating in 3–5 and 8–14 μm facilitates the expression of low-emissivity performance in Ni@PI, while the high absorptance of that in 5–8 μm endows PA66/Ni@PI with high emissivity for radiative cooling. As a result, an optimal infrared stealth performance can be successfully achieved under selective thermal radiation. Meanwhile, the formation of a continuous conductive nickel plating brings excellent electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Such outstanding comprehensive performance makes it possible for PA66/Ni@PI to become a potential candidate with competitive advantage in military camouflage.

Key words: Polyimide, Fabric, Selective thermal radiation, Infrared stealth, Electromagnetic protection