二次电池聚合物有机电极材料

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100286

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 聚合物有机电极材料(POEMs)因其高性能、低成本及资源可持续性优势，已成为下一代二次电池的颇具潜力的候选材料。这类材料具有显著的结构与性能可调性，相较于小分子类似物溶解性大幅降低，且对多种阳离子/阴离子电荷载流子展现出广泛兼容性，使其能应用于几乎所有类型的二次电池体系。其中，n型材料主要作为金属有机电池正极(匹配Li、Na、K、Mg、Al、Zn等金属负极)，p型材料则普遍用于双离子电池正极。过去数十年间，研究者已开发出丰富的n型与p型氧化还原活性基团，典型代表包括羰基(C=O)、亚胺(C=N)、二硫键(S–S)及胺基(–NR–)。通过化学/电化学氧化聚合、催化交叉偶联、缩聚等合成策略，这些电活性单元可通过多种构筑方式整合至聚合物结构中：通过C–C/C–N键直接偶联、利用电化学惰性或活性连接基团进行桥接、环化形成氧化还原活性连接基团、以及作为侧链接枝到聚合物主链上。为获得最佳电化学性能并建立明确的构效关系，需要在研究路径的每个阶段协同努力：合理的分子设计与低成本的合成工艺协同，材料的严格纯化与结构的准确表征，与导电碳在电极中的均匀分散，电解液组成、电压窗口、电流倍率等测试条件的精细优化，电化学性能与氧化还原机理的客观评估。这些系统性进展将引导POEMs朝着更具科学理性与实际可行性的电池技术方向发展。

关键词: 聚合物有机电极材料, 二次电池, 氧化还原机制, 聚合物构筑, 合成策略

Abstract: Polymeric organic electrode materials (POEMs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries that combine high performance, low cost, and resource sustainability. They offer numerous advantages, including exceptional structural and property tunability, significantly reduced solubility compared to their small-molecule counterparts, and broad compatibility with a wide range of cationic and anionic charge carriers, which enables their application in nearly all types of rechargeable battery systems. Among POEMs, n-type materials are typically employed as cathodes in metal-organic batteries paired with metal anodes such as Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, and Zn, while p-type materials are commonly used as cathodes in dual-ion batteries. Over the past decades, a rich library of n-type and p-type redox-active groups has been developed, exemplified by carbonyls (C=O), imines (C=N), disulfides (S–S), and amines (–NR–). Through diverse synthetic strategies, including chemical or electrochemical oxidative polymerization, catalyzed cross-coupling, and polycondensation, these electroactive units can be integrated into polymeric frameworks via multiple architectural motifs: direct coupling through C–C or C–N bonds, bridging with electrochemically inactive or active linkers, cyclization to form redox-active rings, and pendant grafting onto polymer backbones. To achieve optimal electrochemical performance and establish a clear structure-performance relationship, concerted efforts are required at every stage of the research pathway: rational molecular design coupled with cost-effective synthesis; rigorous purification and accurate structural characterization of materials; uniform dispersion with conductive carbon additives in the electrode; careful optimization of testing conditions including electrolyte composition, voltage window, and current rate; and objective evaluation of electrochemical performance and redox mechanisms. These systematic advances will guide the development of POEMs toward more scientifically grounded and practically viable battery technologies.

Key words: Polymeric organic electrode materials, Rechargeable battery, Redox mechanism, Polymer architecture, Synthetic strategy

王睿, 甘小塘, 王潜, 宋智平. 二次电池聚合物有机电极材料[J]. 物理化学学报 2026, (), 0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100286

Rui Wang, Xiaotang Gan, Qian Wang, Zhiping Song. Polymeric organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2026, (), 0. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100286

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100286

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V/I/0

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