物理化学学报 >> 1997, Vol. 13 >> Issue (05): 395-400.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB19970503

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异丁醇-水-硝基乙烷体系中的双因素自耦合界面不稳定现象

胡学铮,虞学俊,刘俊康,Vignes-Adler M   

  1. 无锡轻工大学化学工程系，无锡 214036|法国国家科研中心
  • 收稿日期:1996-08-15 修回日期:1996-12-10 发布日期:1997-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 胡学铮

Self-Induced Complex Interfacial Instability in the System of 2-Butanol/Water/Nitroethane

Hu Xue-Zheng,Yu Xue-Jun,Liu Jun-Kang,Vignes-Adler M   

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering,Wuxi University of Light Industry,Wuxi 214036|Vignes-Adler M(CNRS,FRANCE)
  • Received:1996-08-15 Revised:1996-12-10 Published:1997-05-15
  • Contact: Hu Xue-Zheng

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摘要：

报导了发生在异丁醇、硝基乙烷和水三组分两相体系中的多因素复合界面不稳定现象. 文中通过对一个滴加在异了醇水溶液表面的硝基乙烷液满的运动特征的分析，揭示了该现象的规律. 在体系趋于热力学平衡的过程中，硝基乙烷液滴先表现出周期性的振荡运动，然后转变为螺旋线和圆周运动. 提出了一个溶质迁移和相间溶解的双因素自耦合机理. 认为该现象的根本起因是表面活性剂溶质相间迁移所导致的溶质Marangoni效应，但由于异丁醇的相间迁移也改变着相邻两相界面邻近区域的溶解平衡，从而导致了一个多因素复合的界面不稳定现象.

关键词: 界面不稳定现象, Marangoni效应, 界面张力梯度, 异丁醇, 硝基乙烷

Abstract:

A complex solute Marangoni instability phenomena is observed by analysing the motion of a nitroethane droplet located at the surface of an aqueous solution of 2-butanol. It is shown that the motion in the first five minutes is composed of three successive phases with different dynamic properties-oscillatory, stationary and spiral.
A self-induced complex mechanism is used to explain this phenomena. It is proposed that the basic origin of this instability is the transfer of the surface-active 2-butanol, but this transfer diminishes the subsurface concentration of 2-butanol in the aqueous phase and induces the restoration of the equilibrium of mutual solubility of the two solvents-nitroethane and water, which has a complex effect on this interfacial phenomena.

Key words: Interfacial instability, Marangoni effect, Interfacial tension gradient, 2-butanol;Nitroethane