海水电解面临的挑战与机遇：含氯电化学中先进材料研究进展

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106010

物理化学学报 >> 2022, Vol. 38 >> Issue (6): 2106010.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106010

所属专题：面向电化学储能与转化的表界面工程

海水电解面临的挑战与机遇：含氯电化学中先进材料研究进展

崔柏桦¹^,², 施毅², 李根³, 陈亚楠³^,*(), 陈伟¹^,²^,⁴, 邓意达³^,⁵^,*(), 胡文彬¹^,³^,*()

¹ 新加坡国立大学-天津大学联合学院，天津大学国际校区，福州 350207
² 新加坡国立大学化学系，新加坡 117543
³ 天津大学材料科学与工程学院，天津 300350
⁴ 新加坡国立大学物理系，新加坡 117542
⁵ 海南大学材料科学与工程学院，海口，570228

收稿日期:2021-06-03 录用日期:2021-07-12 发布日期:2021-07-21
通讯作者: 陈亚楠,邓意达,胡文彬 E-mail:yananchen@tju.edu.cn;yida.deng@tju.edu.cn;wbhu@tju.edu.cn
作者简介:Yanan Chen is a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University. He received his joint Ph.D. from the University of Science and Technology Beijing/University of Maryland in 2017. He was an advanced innovative fellow at Tsinghua University before joining in Tianjin University. His research mainly focuses on nanomaterials, devices, and systems for advanced energy storage and conversion
Yida Deng is a professor in School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University. He received his Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2006. His research interests include metal and metal oxide nanostructures for electrochemical and energy applications
Wenbin Hu is a professor and Dean of the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Tianjin University. Prior to joining Tianjin University, he worked as a professor in Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He graduated from Central South University with a B.Sc. in 1988. Then he received M.Sc. from Tianjin University in 1991 and Ph.D. from Central South University in 1994. His research interests focus on design, synthesis and characterization of advanced micro/nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications, which was supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划培育项目(2018YFB0703500);国家自然科学基金(91963113);新加坡国立大学绿色能源旗舰项目

Challenges and Opportunities for Seawater Electrolysis: A Mini-Review on Advanced Materials in Chlorine-Involved Electrochemistry

Baihua Cui¹^,², Yi Shi², Gen Li³, Yanan Chen³^,*(), Wei Chen¹^,²^,⁴, Yida Deng³^,⁵^,*(), Wenbin Hu¹^,³^,*()

¹ Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
² Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
³ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
⁴ Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
⁵ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Received:2021-06-03 Accepted:2021-07-12 Published:2021-07-21
Contact: Yanan Chen,Yida Deng,Wenbin Hu E-mail:yananchen@tju.edu.cn;yida.deng@tju.edu.cn;wbhu@tju.edu.cn
About author:E-mail: yida.deng@tju.edu.cn (Y. D.)
E-mail: wbhu@tju.edu.cn(W.H.)
E-mail: yananchen@tju.edu.cn (Y.C.)
Supported by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0703500);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91963113);the NUS Flagship Green Energy Programme

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢气是一种清洁高效的能源载体，通过海水电解规模化制备氢气能够为应对全球能源挑战提供新的机遇。然而，缺乏高活性、高选择性和高稳定性的理想电极材料是在腐蚀性海水中连续电解过程的一个巨大挑战。为了缓解这一困境，需要从基础理论和实际应用两方面对材料进行深入研究。近年来，人们围绕电极材料的催化活性、选择性和耐腐蚀性进行了大量的探索。本文重点总结了高选择性和强耐腐蚀性材料的设计合成与作用机制。其中详细介绍了多种电极材料(如多金属氧化物、Ni/Fe/Co基复合材料、氧化锰包覆异质结构等)对氧气生成选择性的研究进展；系统论述了各种材料的抗腐蚀工程研究成果，主要讨论了本征抗腐蚀材料、外防护涂层和原位产生抗腐蚀物种三种情况。此外，提出了海水电解过程中存在的挑战和潜在的机遇。先进纳米材料的设计有望为解决海水电解中的氯化学问题提供新思路。

关键词: 海水电解, 氯化学, 抗腐蚀, 选择性催化剂

Abstract:

Hydrogen (H₂) is an important component in the framework of carbon-neutral energy, and the scalable production of H₂ from seawater electrolysis offers a feasible route to address global energy challenges. With abundant seawater reserves, seawater electrolysis, especially when powered by renewable electricity sources, has great prospects. However, chloride ions (Cl^-) in seawater can participate in the anodic reaction and accelerate the corrosion of electrode materials during electrolysis. Although the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is thermodynamically favorable, the chlorine evolution reaction is highly competitive because fewer electrons are involved (2e^-). These two problems are compounded by the dearth of corrosion-resistant electrode materials, which hinders the practical applications of seawater electrolysis. Therefore, intensive research efforts have been devoted to optimizing electrode materials using fundamental theories for practical applications. This review summarizes the recent progress in advanced electrode materials with an emphasis on their selectivity and anti-corrosivity. Practical materials with improved selectivity for oxygen generation, such as mixed metal oxides, Ni/Fe/Co-based composites, and manganese oxide (MnO_x)-coated heterostructures, are reviewed in detail. Theoretically, alkaline environments (pH > 7.5) are preferred for OER as a constant potential gap (480 mV) exists in the high pH region. Nevertheless, corrosion of both the cathode and anode from ubiquitous Cl^- is inevitable. Only a few materials with good corrosion resistance are capable of sustained operation in seawater systems; these include metal titanium and carbon-based materials. The corrosion process is usually accompanied by the formation of a passivated layer on the surface, but the aggressive penetration of Cl^- can damage the whole electrode. Therefore, the selective inhibition of Cl^- transport in the presence of a robust layer is critical to prevent continuous corrosion. Advances in anti-corrosion engineering, which encompasses inherently anti-corrosive materials, extrinsically protective coating, and in situ generated resistive species, are systematically discussed. Rational design can impart the material with good catalytic activity, stability, and corrosion resistance. Finally, we propose the following opportunities for future research: 1) screening of selective and anti-corrosive materials; 2) mechanism of competitive reactions and corrosion; 3) evaluation of anti-corrosive materials; 4) industrial-scale electrolysis with high current density; 5) optimization of experimental conditions; and 6) development of integrated electrolyzer devices. This review provides insights for the development of strategies aimed at tackling chlorine-related issues in seawater electrolysis.

Key words: Seawater electrolysis, Chlorine chemistry, Anti-corrosion, Selective electrocatalyst

崔柏桦, 施毅, 李根, 陈亚楠, 陈伟, 邓意达, 胡文彬. 海水电解面临的挑战与机遇：含氯电化学中先进材料研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2022, 38(6), 2106010. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106010

Baihua Cui, Yi Shi, Gen Li, Yanan Chen, Wei Chen, Yida Deng, Wenbin Hu. Challenges and Opportunities for Seawater Electrolysis: A Mini-Review on Advanced Materials in Chlorine-Involved Electrochemistry[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2022, 38(6), 2106010. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106010

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202106010

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2022/V38/I6/2106010

图/表 7

Fig 1

Fig 2

Fig 3

Fig 4

Fig 5

Fig 6

Fig 7

参考文献 87

1	Kumaravel V. ; Abdel-Wahab A Energy Fuels 2018, 32, 6423. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00995
2	Jin H. Y. ; Wang X. S. ; Tang C. ; Vasileff A. ; Li L. Q. ; Slattery A. ; Qiao S. Z Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2007508. doi: 10.1002/adma.202007508
3	Liu S. L. ; Hu Z. ; Wu Y. Z. ; Zhang J. F. ; Zhang Y. ; Cui B. H. ; Liu C. ; Hu S. ; Zhao N. Q. ; Han X. P. ; et al Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2006034. doi: 10.1002/adma.202006034
4	Shan J. Q. ; Guo C. X. ; Zhu Y. H. ; Chen S. M. ; Song L. ; Jaroniec M. ; Zheng Y. ; Qiao S. Z Chem 2019, 5, 445. doi: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.010
5	Luo P. ; Sun F. ; Deng J. ; Xu H. T. ; Zhang H. J. ; Wang Y Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2018, 34 (12), 1397.
	罗盼; 孙芳; 邓菊; 许海涛; 张慧娟; 王煜; 物理化学学报, 2018, 34 (12), 1397. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201804022
6	Hao C. Y. ; Wu Y. ; An Y. J. ; Cui B. H. ; Lin J. N. ; Li X. N. ; Wang D. H. ; Jiang M. H. ; Cheng Z. X. ; Hu S Mater. Today Energy 2019, 12, 453. doi: 10.1016/j.mtener.2019.04.009
7	Zhou G. ; Guo Z. J. ; Shan Y. ; Wu S. Y. ; Zhang J. L. ; Yan K. ; Liu L. Z. ; Chuc P. K. ; Wu X. L Nano Energy 2019, 55, 42. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.10.047
8	Cheng F. F. ; Feng X. L. ; Chen X. ; Lin W. G. ; Rong J. F. ; Yang W. S Electrochim. Acta 2017, 251, 336. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.098
9	Yu J. ; Li B. Q. ; Zhao C. X. ; Zhang Q Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 3253. doi: 10.1039/D0EE01617A
10	Senthilkumar S. T. ; Go W. ; Han J. ; Thuy L. P. T. ; Kishor K. ; Kima Y. ; Kim Y J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 22803. doi: 10.1039/C9TA08321A
11	Abe H. ; Murakami A. ; Tsunekawa S. ; Okada T. ; Wakabayashi T. ; Yoshida M. ; Nakayama M ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 6390. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05496
12	Yu L. ; Zhu Q. ; Song S. W. ; McElhenny B. ; Wang D. Z. ; Wu C. Z. ; Qin Z. J. ; Bao J. M. ; Yu Y. ; Chen S. ; et al Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 5106. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13092-7
13	Dresp S. ; Dionigi F. ; Loos S. ; de Araujo J. F. ; Spöri C. ; Gliech M. ; Dau H. ; Strasser P Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1800338. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201800338
14	d'Amore-Domenech R. ; Leo T. J ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 8006. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06779
15	Dionigi F. ; Reier T. ; Pawolek Z. ; Gliech M. ; Strasser P ChemSusChem 2016, 9, 962. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201501581
16	Ko J. S. ; Johnson J. K. ; Johnson P. I. ; Xia Z. Y ChemCatChem 2020, 12, 4526. doi: 10.1002/cctc.202000
17	Gayen P. ; Saha S. ; Ramani V ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 4. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00383
18	Xiu L. Y. ; Pei W. ; Zhou S. ; Wang Z. Y. ; Yang P. J. ; Zhao J. J. ; Qiu J. S Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 1910028. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201910028
19	Tong W. M. ; Forster M. ; Dionigi F. ; Dresp S. ; Erami R. S. ; Strasser P. ; Cowan A. J. ; Farràs P Nat. Energy 2020, 5, 367. doi: 10.1038/s41560-020-0550-8
20	Song J. J. ; Wei C. ; Huang Z. F. ; Liu C. T. ; Zeng L. ; Wang X. ; Xu Z. C. J Chem. Soc. Rev. 2020, 49, 2196. doi: 10.1039/C9CS00607A
21	Exner K. S. ; Anton J. ; Jacob T. ; Over H Angew. Chem. 2016, 128, 7627. doi: 10.1002/anie.201511804
22	Karlsson R. K. B. ; Cornell A Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 2982. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00389
23	Exner K. S. ; Anton J. ; Jacob T. ; Over H Angew. Chem. 2014, 126, 11212. doi: 10.1002/ange.201406112
24	Sumaria V. ; Krishnamurthy D. ; Viswanathan V ACS Catal 2018, 8, 9034. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01432
25	Cheng C. Y. ; Kelsall G. H J. Appl. Electrochem. 2007, 37, 1203. doi: 10.1007/s10800-007-9364-7
26	Amikam G. ; Natiu P. ; Gendel Y Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 2018, 43, 6504. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.082
27	Exner K. S ChemElectroChem 2019, 6, 3401. doi: 10.1002/celc.201900834
28	Lim T. ; Jung G. Y. ; Kim J. H. ; Park S. O. ; Park J. ; Kim Y. T. ; Kang S. J. ; Jeong H. Y. ; Kwak S. K. ; Joo S. H Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 412. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14272-1
29	Goryachev A. ; Pascuzzi M. E. C. ; Carla F. ; Weber T. ; Over H. ; Hensen E. J. M. ; Hofmann J. P Electrochim. Acta 2020, 336, 135713. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135713
30	Zeradjanin A. R. ; Menzel N. ; Schuhmann W. ; Strasser P Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 13741. doi: 10.1039/C4CP00896K
31	Chen S. ; Huang H. ; Jiang P. ; Yang K. ; Diao J. F. ; Gong S. P. ; Liu S. ; Huang M. X. ; Wang H. ; Chen Q. W ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 1152. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04922
32	Lee Y. ; Suntivich J. ; May K. J. ; Perry E. E. ; Yang S. H J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 399. doi: 10.1021/jz2016507
33	Ge R. X. ; Li L. ; Su J. W. ; Lin Y. C. ; Tian Z. Q. ; Chen L Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901313. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901313
34	Abbott D. F. ; Lebedev D. ; Waltar K. ; Povia M. ; Nachtegaal M. ; Fabbri E. ; Coperet C. ; Schmidt T. J Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 6591. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02625
35	Rossmeisl J. ; Hansen H. A. ; Man I. C. ; Studt F. ; Abild-Pedersen F. ; Bligaard T Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys 2010, 12, 283. doi: 10.1039/B917459A
36	Vos J. G. ; Liu Z. C. ; Speck F. D. ; Perini N. ; Fu W. T. ; Cherevko S. ; Koper M. T. M ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 8561. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01159
37	Petrykin V. ; Macounova K. ; Shlyakhtin O. A. ; Krtil P Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 4813. doi: 10.1002/ange.200907128
38	Song L. J. ; Meng H. M Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2010, 26 (9), 2375.
	宋利君; 孟惠民; 物理化学学报, 2010, 26 (9), 2375. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB20100847
39	Yu L. ; Wu L. B. ; McElhenny B. ; Song S. W. ; Luo D. ; Zhang F. H. ; Yu Y. ; Chen S. ; Ren Z. F Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 3439. doi: 10.1039/D0EE00921K
40	Huang W. H. ; Lin C. Y Faraday Discuss. 2019, 215, 205. doi: 10.1039/C8FD00172C
41	Zhao Y. Q. ; Jin B. ; Vasileff A. ; Jiao Y. ; Qiao S. Z J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 8117. doi: 10.1039/C9TA01903K
42	Dresp S. ; Thanh T. N. ; Klingenhof M. ; Brückner S. ; Hauke P. ; Strasser P Energy Environ. Sci. 2020, 13, 1725. doi: 10.1039/D0EE01125H
43	Cui B. H. ; Hu H. ; Liu C. ; Liu S. L. ; Chen F. S. ; Hu S. ; Zhang J. F. ; Zhou W. ; Deng Y. D. ; Qin Z. B. ; et al Nano Res. 2021, 14, 1149. doi: 10.1007/s12274-020-3164-3
44	Hsu S. H. ; Miao J. W. ; Zhang L. P. ; Gao J. J. ; Wang H. M. ; Tao H. B. ; Hung S. F. ; Vasileff A. ; Qiao S. Z. ; Liu B Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1707261. doi: 10.1002/adma.201707261
45	Gupta S. ; Forster M. ; Yadav A. ; Cowan A. J. ; Patel N. ; Patel M ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 7619. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.0c01040
46	Keane T. P. ; Nocera D. G ACS Omega 2019, 4, 12860. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01751
47	Bennett J. E Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 1980, 5, 401. doi: 10.1016/0360-3199(80)90021-X
48	Vos J. G. ; Wezendonk T. A. ; Jeremiasse A. W. ; Koper M. T. M J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 10270. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b05382
49	Okada T. ; Abe H. ; Murakami A. ; Shimizu T. ; Fujii K. ; Wakabayashi T. ; Nakayama M Langmuir 2020, 36, 5227. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00547
50	Dresp S. ; Dionigi F. ; Klingenhof M. ; Strasser P ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 933. doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00220
51	Zhang B. ; Wang J. ; Wu B. ; Guo X. W. ; Wang Y. J. ; Chen D. ; Zhang Y. C. ; Du K. ; Oguzie E. E. ; Ma X. L Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 2559. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04942-x
52	Liu X. P. ; Gong M. X. ; Xiao D. D. ; Deng S. F. ; Liang J. N. ; Zhao T. H. ; Lu Y. ; Shen T. ; Zhang J. ; Wang D. L Small 2020, 16, 2000663. doi: 10.1002/smll.202000663
53	Kuang Y. ; Kenney M. J. ; Meng Y. T. ; Hung W. H. ; Liu Y. J. ; Huang J. E. ; Prasanna R. ; Li P. S. ; Li Y. P. ; Wang L. ; et al Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2019, 116, 6624. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1900556116
54	Wu H. ; Lu Q. ; Zhang J. F. ; Wang J. J. ; Han X. P. ; Zhao N. Q. ; Hu W. B. ; Li J. J. ; Chen Y. N. ; Deng Y. D Nano-Micro Lett. 2020, 12, 162. doi: 10.1007/s40820-020-00505-2
55	Zhang J. ; Chen Z. L. ; Liu C. ; Zhao J. ; Liu S. L. ; Rao D. W. ; Nie A. M. ; Chen Y. N. ; Deng Y. D. ; Hu W. B Sci. China Mater. 2020, 63, 249. doi: 10.1007/s40843-019-1176-6
56	Chen Y. N. ; Xu S. M. ; Zhu S. Z. ; Jacob R. J. ; Pastel G. ; Wang Y. B. ; Li Y. J. ; Dai J. Q. ; Chen F. J. ; Xie H. ; et al Nano Res. 2019, 12 (9), 2259. doi: 10.1007/s12274-019-2304-0
57	Cui B. H. ; Zhang M. ; Zhao Y. X. ; Hu S Mater. Today Energy 2019, 13, 85. doi: 10.1016/j.mtener.2019.05.001
58	Finke C. E. ; Omelchenko S. T. ; Jasper J. T. ; Lichterman M. F. ; Read C. G. ; Lewis N. S. ; Hoffmann M. R Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 358.
59	Sohrabnejad-Eskan I. ; Goryachev A. ; Exner K. S. ; Kibler L. A. ; Hensen E. J. M. ; Hofmann J. P. ; Over H ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 2403. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03142
60	Li H. Y. ; Tang Q. W. ; He B. L. ; Yang P. Z J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 6513. doi: 10.1039/C6TA00785F
61	Niu X. M. ; Tang Q. W. ; He B. L. ; Yang P. Z Electrochim. Acta 2016, 208, 180. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.184
62	Song H. J. ; Yoon H. ; Ju B. ; Lee D. Y. ; Kim D. W ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 702. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04231
63	Wu X. H. ; Zhou S. ; Wang Z. Y. ; Liu J. S. ; Pei W. ; Yang P. J. ; Zhao J. J. ; Qiu J. S Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901333. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201901333
64	Hou Z. Y. ; Gao L. L. ; Cui Z. D. ; Yin J. H IOP Conf. Series: Earth Environ. Sci. 2018, 108, 022037. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/108/2/022037
65	Gao J. J. ; Huang X. ; Cai W. Z. ; Wang Q. L. ; Jia C. M. ; Liu B ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 25991. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c05906
66	Ooka H. ; Yamaguchi A. ; Takashima T. ; Hashimoto K. ; Nakamura R J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 17873. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b03749
67	Gao J. J. ; Xu C. Q. ; Hung S. F. ; Liu W. ; Cai W. Z. ; Zeng Z. P. ; Jia C. M. ; Chen H. M. ; Xiao H. ; Li J. ; et al J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 3014. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b11456
68	Menzel N. ; Ortel E. ; Mette K. ; Kraehnert R. ; Strasser S ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 1324. doi: 10.1021/cs4000238
69	Yan G. B. ; Lian Y. B. ; Gu Y. D. ; Yang C. ; Sun H. ; Mu Q. Q. ; Li Q. ; Zhu W. ; Zheng X. S. ; Chen M. Z. ; et al ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 10137. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02203
70	Endrödi B. ; Stojanovic A. ; Cuartero M. ; Simic N. ; Wildlock M. ; Marco R. D. ; Crespo G. A. ; Cornell A ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 12170. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01279
71	Gao S. ; Li G. D. ; Liu Y. P. ; Chen H. ; Feng L. L. ; Wang Y. ; Yang M. ; Wang D. J. ; Wang S. ; Zou X. X Nanoscale 2015, 7, 2306. doi: 10.1039/C4NR04924A
72	Miao J. ; Lang Z. L. ; Zhang X. Y. ; Kong W. G. ; Peng O. W. ; Yang Y. ; Wang S. P. ; Cheng J. J. ; He T. C. ; Amini A. ; et al Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1805893. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201805893
73	Liu J. W. ; Ma Q. L. ; Huang Z. Q. ; Liu G. G. ; Zhang H Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1800696. doi: 10.1002/adma.201800696
74	Ma Y. Y. ; Wu C. J. ; Feng X. J. ; Tan H. Q. ; Yan L. K. ; Liu Y. ; Kang Z. H. ; Wang E. B. ; Li Y. G. Energy Environ. Sci. 2017, 10, 788. doi: 10.1039/C6EE03768B
75	Chauhana D. S. ; Quraishia M.A. ; Ansaria K.R. Prog. Organ. Coat. 2020, 147, 105741. doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105741
76	Hussain S. ; Akbar K. ; Vikraman D. ; Song R. A. A. W. ; An K. S. ; Farooq A. ; Park J. Y. ; Chun S. H. ; Jung J Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 929. doi: 10.3390/nano8110929
77	Hussain S. ; Vikraman D. ; Truong L. ; Akbar K. ; Rabani I. ; Kim H. S. ; Chun S. H. ; Jung J J. Alloy. Compd. 2019, 788, 267. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.02.192
78	Sarawutanukul S. ; Phattharasupakun N. ; Sawangphruk M Carbon 2019, 151, 109. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.058
79	Lv Q. L. ; Han J. X. ; Tan X. L. ; Wang W. ; Cao L. X. ; Dong B. H ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2019, 2, 3910. doi: 10.1021/acsaem.9b00599
80	Shang X. ; Dong B. ; Chai Y. M. ; Liu C. G Sci. Bull. 2018, 63, 853. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.05.014
81	Kou Z. K. ; Yu Y. ; Liu X. M. ; Gao X. R. ; Zheng L. R. ; Zou H. Y. ; Pang Y. J. ; Wang Z. Y. ; Pan Z. H. ; He J. Q. ; et al ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 4411. doi: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00340
82	Wu T. Z. ; Sun S. N. ; Song J. J. ; Xi S. B. ; Du Y. H. ; Chen B. ; Sasangka W. A. ; Liao H. B. ; Gan C. L. ; Scherer G. G. ; et al Nat. Catal. 2019, 2, 763. doi: 10.1038/s41929-019-0325-4
83	Jin H. Y. ; Liu X. ; Vasileff A. ; Jiao Y. ; Zhao Y. Q. ; Zheng Y. ; Qiao S. Z ACS Nano 2018, 12, 12761. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07841
84	Qin R. ; Wang P. Y. ; Lin C. ; Cao F. ; Zhang J. Y. ; Chen L. ; Mu S. C Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2021, 37 (7), 2009099.
	秦睿; 王鹏彦; 林灿; 曹菲; 张金咏; 陈磊; 木士春; 物理化学学报, 2021, 37 (7), 2009099. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202009099
85	Huang Y. C. ; Hu L. ; Liu R. ; Hu Y. W. ; Xiong T. Z. ; Qiu W. T. ; Balogun M. S. ; Pan A. L. ; Tong Y. X Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2019, 251, 181. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.03.037
86	Liu Y. C. ; Hu X. ; Huang B. B. ; Xie Z. L ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 18835. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03720
87	Li P. S. ; Wang S. Y. ; Samo I. A. ; Zhang X. H. ; Wang Z. L. ; Wang C. ; Li Y. ; Du Y. Y. ; Zhong Y. ; Cheng C. T. ; et al Research 2020, 9, 2872141. doi: 10.34133/2020/2872141

[1]	吴倩, 高庆平, 单彬, 王文政, 齐玉萍, 台夕市, 王霞, 郑冬冬, 严虹, 应斌武, 罗永嵩, 孙圣钧, 刘倩, Hamdy Mohamed S., 孙旭平. 自支撑过渡金属海水电解析氧催化剂研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2023, 39(12): 2303012 - .
[2]	陆尔东,季明荣,麻茂生,刘先明,徐彭寿. 非晶Fe₄₀Ni₄₀P₁₄B₆合金阳极钝化膜的电子能谱研究[J]. 物理化学学报, 1995, 11(06): 521 -525 .

海水电解面临的挑战与机遇：含氯电化学中先进材料研究进展

Challenges and Opportunities for Seawater Electrolysis: A Mini-Review on Advanced Materials in Chlorine-Involved Electrochemistry

RichHTML

PDF

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 87

相关文章 2

Metrics

推荐阅读 0