SnS2基异质结构：光催化和气体传感应用的研究进展

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100185

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，二硫化锡(SnS₂)基异质结因其理想带隙(2.0–2.3 eV)、卓越稳定性、环境友好性及优异表面反应活性，在光催化和传感领域展现出巨大应用潜力。尽管优势显著，但目前对该新兴领域的系统性综述仍较为缺乏。本文首先概述了SnS₂异质结构的前沿合成策略，继而重点评述其在析氢反应、环境修复和过氧化氢合成等关键应用中的光催化性能表现。随后分析了其气体传感特性，特别聚焦二氧化氮和氨气的检测。机理研究表明，性能提升源于定制的异质结设计：S型异质结显著促进光催化中的电荷分离；n-n/p-n结优化了传感应用中的活性位点分布与气体吸附。SnS₂与耦合半导体间的界面协同作用被确认为性能提升的关键因素。最后，本文提出了结论、展望及未来挑战。

关键词: SnS₂, 异质结, 光催化, S型, 气敏, 二氧化氮

Abstract:

Recent advances in tin disulfide (SnS₂)-based heterojunctions have demonstrated their great potential for photocatalysis and sensing applications, owing to their optimal bandgap (2.0–2.3 eV), remarkable stability, environmental compatibility, and outstanding surface reactivity. Despite these advantages, a comprehensive review systematically addressing this emerging field remains lacking. This review first outlines the state-of-the-art synthesis strategies for SnS₂ heterostructures. It then critically evaluates their photocatalytic performance in key applications, including hydrogen evolution, environmental remediation, and hydrogen peroxide production. The gas-sensing capabilities are subsequently analyzed, with special emphasis on nitrogen dioxide and ammonia detection. Mechanistic studies reveal that the enhanced performance originates from tailored heterojunction designs: S-scheme configurations significantly boost charge separation in photocatalysis; n-n/p-n junctions optimize active site distribution and gas adsorption in sensing applications. The interfacial synergy between SnS₂ and coupled semiconductors is identified as the key factor governing performance improvements. Finally, some conclusions and perspectives as well as future challenges are presented.

Key words: SnS₂, Heterojunction, Photocatalysis, S-scheme, Gas sensing, Nitrogen dioxide

刘静静, 魏骜琦, 张豪, 多树旺. SnS₂基异质结构：光催化和气体传感应用的研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2025, 41(12), 100185. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100185

Jingjing Liu, Aoqi Wei, Hao Zhang, Shuwang Duo. SnS₂-based heterostructures: advances in photocatalytic and gas-sensing applications[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2025, 41(12), 100185. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100185

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100185

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V41/I12/100185

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表1

Photocatalysts	Applications	Light conditions	Activity	Ref.
SnS₂/g-C₃N₄	H₂ evolution/Environmental purification for 2, 4-dichlorophenol and Cr(Ⅵ)	300 W Xe lamp, λ > 420 nm	1389 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹/85% of Cr(Ⅵ) and 94% of 2, 4-DCP	[47]
Bi₂S₃/SnS₂/Bi₂W₂O₉	H₂ evolution/Environmental purification for methyl parathion	300 W Xe lamp, λ > 420 nm	0.92 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹/k_app = 0.013 min⁻¹	[46]
ZnIn₂S₄/SnS₂	H₂ evolution	300 W Xe lamp, λ ≥ 420 nm	1.13 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[44]
SnS₂/g-C₃N₄	H₂ evolution	300 W Xe lamp, λ > 420 nm	1818.75 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[48]
SnS₂/twinned Mn_0.5Cd_0.5S	H₂ evolution	300 W Xe lamp	182.82 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[29]
SnS₂/CdS	H₂ evolution	300 W Xe lamp, λ ≥ 420 nm	5.18 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[42]
TiO₂-SnS/SnS₂	H₂ evolution	300 W Xe lamp, λ > 420 nm	337μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[45]
CdS/SnS₂	H₂ evolution	100 mW cm⁻² Xe lamp	360.75 μL h⁻¹	[43]
SnO₂/SnS₂	Environmental purification for Cr(Ⅵ) and methyl orange	500 W Xe lamp, λ > 420 nm	98.4% for 40 min and 99.1% for 70 min	[55]
BiOCl/BiOBr/SnS₂	Environmental purification for Rhodamine B	210 W Xe lamp	95.8% for 20 min	[59]
SnS₂ /Sn₃O₄	Environmental purification for methyl orange and Cr(Ⅵ)	250 W Xe lamp	98.16% for 24 min and 96.22% for 105 min	[52]
Ni doped SnS₂/BiOBr	Environmental purification for tetracycline hydrochloride	500 W Xe lamp	k_app = 0.0488 min^-1	[58]
SnS₂/g-C₃N₄	Environmental purification for Rhodamine B (RhB)	220 W Xe lamp	92.22% for 6h	[53]
SnS₂/TiO₂	Environmental purification for tetracycline hydrochloride	300 W Xe lamp	93.4% for 90 min	[54]
CPVA/SnS₂	Environmental purification for Cr(Ⅵ)	200 W Xe lamp	k_app = 0.034 min⁻¹	[51]
SnS₂/COF	H₂O₂ production	300 W Xe lamp, λ > 420 nm	1468 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[28]
SCN/V_S-SnS₂	H₂O₂ production	300 W Xe lamp, λ > 420 nm	232.4 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[60]
SnS₂/SnO₂	CO₂ reduction to CO	300 W Xe lamp	60.85 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[63]
SnS₂/Au/g-C₃N₄	CO₂ reduction to CO	300 W Xe lamp	93.81 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹	[64]

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Sensor	Conc. (ppm)	T (℃)	Res	τ_{res /} τ_rec	Ref.
g-C₃N₄/SnS₂	1	RT	503% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	166//	[80]
In₂O₃/SnS₂	50	RT	15 (R_g/R_a)	45/147	[81]
SnS₂/SnSe₂	4	RT	1165.2% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	80/78	[16]
Bi₂S₃/SnS₂	0.5	RT	14 (R_g/R_a)	38/80	[78]
SnS₂/TiO₂	50	RT	245.4% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	194/558	[22]
Ag₂S/SnS₂	1	RT	286% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	17/38	[17]
YSZ@SnS₂/Ag₂S	1	RT	3.27 (R_g/R_a)	12/27	[82]
SnS₂/aEG	100	RT	21.19 (R_g/R_a)	0.53/51.7	[79]
WO₃/SnS₂	20	210	63.8 (R_g/R_a)	36/95	[23]
In₂O₃/SnS₂	0.5	70	67.4 (R_g/R_a)	5/129	[4]
SnS₂/MoS₂	100	RT	25.9 (R_g/R_a)	2/28.2	[83]
SnO₂/SnS₂	8	80	5.3 (R_g/R_a)	159/297	[31]
ZnS/SnS₂	10	RT	160 (R_g/R_a)	20/29.2	[26]
SnS₂/Ti₃C₂T_x	10	RT	5.83% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	432/507	[84]
SnO₂-rGO/SnS₂	10	120	1064 (R_g/R_a)	42/111	[85]
SnS₂/S-rGO	0.125	RT	17% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	//	[86]
rGO/SnS₂	5	150	32 (R_g/R_a)	50/48	[87]
SnS₂/TiO₂	5	RT	526% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	43/102	[77]
SnS₂-rGO	11.9	80	9.8% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	//	[18]
TeO₂/SnS₂	10	50	1.018 (R_g/R_a)	//	[20]
SnS₂/SiO₂	10	RT	701% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	272/3800	[88]
SnS₂/graphene	0.125	RT	860% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	114/166	[89]
SnS₂/MXene derived TiO₂ hybrid	1000	RT	125 (R_g/R_a)	10/64	[90]
SnS₂/rGO	1	RT	650% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	75//	[91]
SnS₂/MWCNT	0.025	RT	5% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	//	[92]
SnO₂@SnS₂	0.2	RT	5.3 (R_g/R_a)	950/1160	[93]
SnS₂/Ti₃C₂ MXene	10	RT	23.6 (R_g/R_a)	92/312	[94]

Sensor (target gas)	Conc. (ppm)	T (℃)	Res	τ_{res /} τ_rec	Ref.
SnO₂/SnS₂ (NH₃)	100	RT	11.1 (R_a/R_g)	5/876	[104]
SnO₂-SnS₂ (NH₃)	100	RT	1.83 (R_a/R_g)	//	[34]
SnS₂/SnO₂ (NH₃)	100	80	5.91 (R_a/R_g)	42/206	[33]
SnS₂/SnO_2-x (NH₃)	50	130	3.3 (R_a/R_g)	//	[30]
SnO₂/SnS₂ (NH₃)	100	RT	12.6 (R_a/R_g)	294/375	[105]
SnS₂/S-rGO (NH₃)	1	RT	11% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	//	[86]
MXene/SnS₂ (NH₃)	10	RT	42.9% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	161/80	[102]
SnS₂-xSex (NH₃)	100	RT	0.6 (R_a/R_g)	//	[19]
Pr-SnS₂/ZnS (NH₃)	50	160	14.03 (R_a/R_g)	6/13	[106]
SnS₂/graphene (NH₃)	100	RT	17.83% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	31/435	[24]
MoS₂/SnS₂ (NH₃)	0.5	RT	330 (R_a/R_g)	0.8/1	[107]
MOF@SnS₂ (NH₃)	5	RT	10% (∆R/R_a × 100%)	//	[98]
SnO₂/SnS₂ (NH₃)	100	RT	2.48 (R_a/R_g)	21/110	[108]
α-MoO₃@SnS₂ (TEA)	100	175	114.9 (R_a/R_g)	51//	[103]
Sm-doped SnS₂/ZnS (TEA)	100	RT	5.23 (R_a/R_g)	8/52	[109]
SnS₂/SnO₂ (TEA)	100	160	76 (R_a/R_g)	84/101	[110]
SnS₂/ZnS (TEA)	50	180	11.21 (R_a/R_g)	2/8	[111]

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SnS₂基异质结构：光催化和气体传感应用的研究进展

SnS₂-based heterostructures: advances in photocatalytic and gas-sensing applications

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