物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (2): 100180.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100180

所属专题： 二次电池先进正极材料

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通过Nb2O5包覆提升Na3V2(PO4)3正极的储钠性能

Débora Ferreira dos Santos Morais1,2, José Luis Tirado1,*(), Carlos Pérez-Vicente1, Fabiana Villela da Motta2, Pedro Lavela1, Mauricio Bomio2, Sergio Lavela1   

  1. 1 Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química. Instituto Universitario de Energía y Medio Ambiente. Edificio Marie Curie. Universidad de Córdoba. Campus de Rabanales 14071 Córdoba, Spain
    2 LSQM - Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Materials, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte -UFRN, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-24 修回日期:2025-08-26 录用日期:2025-09-04 发布日期:2025-12-03
  • 通讯作者: Email: iq1ticoj@uco.es (José Luis Tirado)

Unlocking the performance of sodium-ion batteries by coating Na3V2(PO4)3 with Nb2O5

Débora Ferreira dos Santos Morais1,2, José Luis Tirado1,*(), Carlos Pérez-Vicente1, Fabiana Villela da Motta2, Pedro Lavela1, Mauricio Bomio2, Sergio Lavela1   

  1. 1 Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química. Instituto Universitario de Energía y Medio Ambiente. Edificio Marie Curie. Universidad de Córdoba. Campus de Rabanales 14071 Córdoba, Spain
    2 LSQM - Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Materials, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte -UFRN, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
  • Received:2025-06-24 Revised:2025-08-26 Accepted:2025-09-04 Published:2025-12-03
  • Contact: Email: iq1ticoj@uco.es (José Luis Tirado)

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摘要：

Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP)因其NASICON型框架结构可实现高效可逆的钠离子脱嵌，因此被认为是一种极具前景的钠离子电池正极材料。然而，其实际性能受限于高倍率下的缓慢电荷转移和循环稳定性不足。本研究采用简易浸渍法在NVP颗粒表面沉积Nb2O5，旨在提升材料的高倍率性能和长循环稳定性。结构与光谱分析(XRD、电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、XPS和X射线荧光光谱)证实包覆后NVP仍保持良好的结晶性，且Nb2O5均匀分布于颗粒表面而不影响钠离子的可逆脱嵌。电化学测试表明，与未包覆样品相比，Nb2O5包覆样品中Na+扩散系数显著提高，从而提升了高倍率性能和循环稳定性，其中3% Nb2O5包覆样品表现出最高的扩散系数和最优异的循环稳定性。循环伏安和阻抗测试结果表明，包覆样品的表面电容增强，从而促进了钠离子的快速存储。XPS结果显示Nb2O5可清除电解液中的痕量HF，避免了其对NVP电极结构的破坏。长循环测试验证了包覆电极结构的长期稳定性。这些结果表明，Nb2O5包覆是解决NVP电极本征缺陷的有效策略，为开发高性能钠离子电池提供了可行途径。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 包覆, 钠超离子导体, 铌

Abstract:

Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries owing to its NASICON-type framework, which enables efficient reversible sodium insertion. However, its practical performance is limited by slow charge transfer at high cycling rates and cycling instability. Here, we report a facile impregnation method to deposit Nb2O5 on NVP particles, aiming to enhance high-rate capability and long-term cycling stability. Structural and spectroscopic analyses (XRD, electron microscopy, Raman, XPS, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy) confirm the crystallinity of NVP and the uniform presence of Nb2O5 on particle surfaces without compromising sodium reversibility. Electrochemical measurements reveal that Nb2O5-coated samples show the highest diffusion coefficients, ensuring superior high-rate performance and cycling stability. The 3% Nb2O5 coating delivers the highest diffusion coefficients, superior cycling stability, and sustained capacity retention at a 1C rate. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy indicate enhanced surface capacitance, facilitating rapid sodium storage. XPS shows the conversion of Nb2O5 into NbF5, resulting from HF scavenging, which improved interfacial stability. Extended cycling tests validate the long-term durability of the coated electrode. These results demonstrate that Nb2O5 surface modification is an effective strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of NVP, offering a viable route to high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

Key words: Sodium-ion battery, Coating, NASICON, Niobium