纳米材料相工程：从基础理论到应用前沿

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100188

物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (3): 100188.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100188

纳米材料相工程：从基础理论到应用前沿

毕帅¹, 王习习¹, 翟伟¹, 史振宇¹, 李子健¹, 翟傈¹, 张安¹, 田玉辉¹, 程婷¹, 姚尧¹, 吴直颖¹, 刘佳玮², 张华¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,*()

¹ 香港城市大学, 化学系, 香港
² 香港科技大学, 化学与生物工程系, 香港九龙清水湾
³ 香港城市大学, 香港清洁能源研究院, 香港
⁴ 香港城市大学, 国家贵金属材料工程研究中心香港分中心, 香港
⁵ 香港城市大学, 深圳研究院, 广东深圳 518057

收稿日期:2025-03-23 修回日期:2025-09-15 录用日期:2025-09-16 发布日期:2026-01-05
通讯作者: Email: hua.zhang@cityu.edu.hk (张华)

Phase engineering of nanomaterials: from fundamentals to application frontiers

Shuai Bi¹, Xixi Wang¹, Wei Zhai¹, Zhenyu Shi¹, Zijian Li¹, Li Zhai¹, An Zhang¹, Yuhui Tian¹, Ting Cheng¹, Yao Yao¹, Zhiying Wu¹, Jiawei Liu², Hua Zhang¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,*()

¹ Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
² Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
³ Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
⁴ Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
⁵ Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong Province, China

Received:2025-03-23 Revised:2025-09-15 Accepted:2025-09-16 Published:2026-01-05
Contact: Email: hua.zhang@cityu.edu.hk (Hua Zhang)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米材料的“相”(即原子排列方式)是决定其物理化学性质及功能的核心因素之一。近年来，纳米材料相工程(phase engineering of nanomaterials, PEN)已经成为材料科学领域新兴的研究方向。通过精确调控原子排列方式，PEN不仅能够突破材料常规的热力学稳定相的限制，还能赋予新的非常规相材料独特的物理化学性质和功能，为开发新型功能纳米材料提供了全新策略。本文系统综述了利用PEN策略来制备新的非常规相贵金属和过渡金属二硫族化合物(TMDs)，总结了直接合成、诱导相变等关键制备方法，阐明了其相依赖的性质和催化性能，强调了相对其功能和应用的显著影响。同时，本文深入分析了当前研究中存在的挑战，提出了未来发展方向，包括合成机制的研究、非常规相材料的稳定性提升以及人工智能辅助设计等，以期为纳米材料相工程的基础研究与实际应用提供理论指导和技术参考。

关键词: 纳米材料相工程, 非常规相, 贵金属纳米材料, 过渡金属二硫族化合物, 相依赖的性质和应用

Abstract:

Phase, which refers to the long-range ordered atomic arrangement, is one of the key parameters to determine the physicochemical properties and functions of nanomaterials. Recently, phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) has emerged as a promising research direction in materials science, since precise control over atomic arrangements enables the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases that are different from their thermodynamically stable counterparts, resulting in unique physicochemical properties. Therefore, PEN provides a new strategy for developing novel functional nanomaterials to enhance their performance in various applications. This review focuses on PEN strategies for preparing novel noble metals and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with unconventional phases. It provides a comprehensive summary of crucial synthetic methods, such as direct synthesis and phase transformation, demonstrates their phase-dependent properties and catalytic performance, and highlights the significant impact of phase on the functions and applications of nanomaterials. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for PEN, including in-depth studies on synthetic mechanisms, effective strategies to improve the stability of unconventional-phase nanomaterials, and innovative AI-aided structural design. These efforts aim to provide theoretical and technical guidance on both fundamental research and practical applications in the field of PEN.

Key words: Phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), Unconventional phases, Noble metal nanomaterials, Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), Phase-dependent properties and applications

毕帅, 王习习, 翟伟, 史振宇, 李子健, 翟傈, 张安, 田玉辉, 程婷, 姚尧, 吴直颖, 刘佳玮, 张华. 纳米材料相工程：从基础理论到应用前沿[J]. 物理化学学报, 2026, 42(3), 100188. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100188

Shuai Bi, Xixi Wang, Wei Zhai, Zhenyu Shi, Zijian Li, Li Zhai, An Zhang, Yuhui Tian, Ting Cheng, Yao Yao, Zhiying Wu, Jiawei Liu, Hua Zhang. Phase engineering of nanomaterials: from fundamentals to application frontiers[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2026, 42(3), 100188. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100188

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100188

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V42/I3/100188

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Phase engineering methods	Materials	Phases	Morphology	References
Template-assisted synthesis	Au	2H	Nanosheet	[13]
Template-assisted synthesis	Au	hcp/fcc	Nanowire	[14]
Wet-chemical reduction	Au	4H	Nanoribbon	[20]
	Au	4H/fcc	Nanorod	[21]
	Au	2H/fcc	Nanosheet	[22]
	Au	fcc/2H/fcc	Nanorod	[23]
	Rh	2H	Nanosheet	[24]
	Pd	Amorphous	Nanoparticle	[26]
	PdX (X = Ru, Rh) Alloy	Amorphous	Nanoparticle	[27]
	Pd	Amorphous/Crystalline	Nanoplate	[28]
	RhX (X = Ru, Zn, Cu) Alloy	Amorphous/Crystalline	Nanosheet	[30]
	PdX (X = Zn, Cd) Alloy	Intermetallic fct	Nanosheet	[31]
Seed-mediated epitaxial growth	Au@Ag	2H/fcc	Nanosheet	[34]
	Au@Ag/Pd/Pt/Cu/Rh/ Ru/Ir/Os/RuRh/PdAg	4H/fcc	Nanoribbon	[35‒, 40]
	Au@Rh	2H/fcc	Nanosheet	[22]
	Au@Pd	fcc/2H/fcc	Nanorod	[38]
	Pd@Au/Ag/Pt/Ir/Rh/NiRh	fcc/2H/fcc	Nanorod/Nanosheet/ Nanoplate	[26, 41‒43]
Thermal annealing	PdCu/PdCuPt Alloy	2H	Nanoparticle	[44]
	Au@AgPd/AgPt/AgPdPt	4H/fcc	Nanoribbon	[35]
	Ru	4H/fcc	Nanotube	[47]
Surface modification	Au	2H to fcc	Nanosheet	[34]
	Au	4H to fcc	Nanoribbon	[20]
	Pd	fcc to amorphous	Nanoparticle	[50]
Thermal activation	Au	4H to fcc	Nanoribbon	[51]
Thermal activation	Pd	Amorphous to fcc or 2H	Nanoparticle	[26]
High pressure	Au	4H to fcc	Nanoribbon	[53, 54]
	Au	4H/fcc to fcc	Nanorod	[53, 54]
	Pd	Amorphous/crystalline to crystalline	Nanosheet	[55]
	Pd	Amorphous (core) /crystalline (shell) to amorphous	Nanoparticle	[55]
Secondary growth	Au	2H/fcc	Nanosheet	[56]
Secondary growth	Au@Ag/Pt/Pd	2H/fcc	Nanosheet	[34, 57]
Electron beam irradiation	Au	2H to fcc	Nanosheet	[13]
	Au	4H to fcc	Nanoparticle (12nm)	[58]
	Au	fcc to 4H	Nanoparticle (6.8 nm)	[58]
	Ru	Amorphous to fcc	Nanosheet	[59]
Mechanical deformation	Au	4H to fcc	Nanoribbon	[60]
Aging	Pd/Cu	Amorphous/crystalline to crystalline	Nanosheet	[29]

纳米材料相工程：从基础理论到应用前沿

Phase engineering of nanomaterials: from fundamentals to application frontiers

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