物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (8): 100325.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100325

综述 上一篇    

介电-磁复合吸波材料的协同机制与性能优化

侯海云1,*(), 马东威2, 张子楠1, 贾梓睿3,*()   

  1. 1 西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院, 西安市纺织化工助剂重点实验室, 功能性纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710048
    2 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北 十堰 442002
    3 青岛大学化学化工学院, 山东 青岛 266071
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-24 修回日期:2026-05-06 录用日期:2026-05-12 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 通讯作者: Email: houhaiyun77@126.com (侯海云)jiazirui@qdu.edu.cn (贾梓睿)

Synergistic mechanism and performance optimization of dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing material

Haiyun Hou1,*(), Dongwei Ma2, Zinan Zhang1, Zirui Jia3,*()   

  1. 1 Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
    2 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China
    3 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2026-03-24 Revised:2026-05-06 Accepted:2026-05-12 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Email: houhaiyun77@126.com (Haiyun Hou)jiazirui@qdu.edu.cn (Zirui Jia)

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摘要：

随着5G通信、航空航天及国防技术的快速发展，电磁辐射污染电磁干扰及电磁隐身需求推动吸波材料向“薄、轻、宽、强”方向发展。介电-磁复合吸波材料通过整合介电损耗与磁损耗机制，突破单一材料阻抗匹配不佳、频带窄等瓶颈，成为当前研究热点。该类材料的核心优势源于协同机制：介电相通过偶极极化、界面极化、传导损耗及缺陷损耗衰减电磁波，磁相依赖自然共振、交换共振、涡流损耗及畴壁共振实现磁能耗散；二者耦合可优化阻抗匹配，延长电磁波传播路径，拓宽有效吸收带宽。其协同效应受组分比例、微观结构及界面特性调控，通过Maxwell-Garnett理论、传输线理论等可揭示其微观物理过程。性能优化需通过多维度策略实现：组分设计上筛选互补性介电-磁材料并调控比例；制备工艺优化组分分散与结构完整性；微观结构调控强化阻抗匹配与多重损耗；表面改性提升界面极化与协同效应。典型体系包括磁性金属/介电聚合物、铁氧体/陶瓷、碳基/磁性纳米粒子复合体系，部分材料最小反射损耗低于−60 dB，有效吸收带宽超9 GHz。当前研究仍面临协同机制理论模型不完善、宽频吸收与环境稳定性难以兼顾等挑战。未来需深化微观机制认知，发展多功能一体化、智能化、绿色化材料，推动其在军事隐身、电子设备电磁兼容、通信基站防护等领域的规模化应用。

关键词: 介电-磁复合吸波材料, 协同机制, 介电损耗, 磁损耗

Abstract:

With the rapid development of 5G communication, aerospace and defense technologies, the demands for electromagnetic radiation pollution, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic stealth have driven the development of absorbing materials towards being "thin, light, wide and strong". Dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing materials have become a current research hotspot by integrating dielectric loss and magnetic loss mechanisms, breaking through the bottlenecks such as poor impedance matching and narrow frequency bands of single materials. The core advantage of this type of material stems from the synergistic mechanism: the dielectric phase attenuates electromagnetic waves through dipole polarization, interface polarization, conduction loss and defect loss, while the magnetic phase dissipates magnetic energy through natural resonance, exchange resonance, eddy current loss and domain wall resonance. The coupling of the two can optimize impedance matching, extend the electromagnetic wave propagation path, and broaden the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). Its synergistic effect is regulated by the component ratio, microstructure and interface characteristics. Its microscopic physical processes can be revealed through Maxwell-Garnett theory, transmission line theory, etc. Performance optimization needs to be achieved through multi-dimensional strategies: screening complementary dielectric-magnetic materials in component design and regulating the proportion; Optimize the preparation process for component dispersion and structural integrity; Microstructure regulation enhances impedance matching and multiple losses; Surface modification enhances interface polarization and synergistic effects. Typical systems include magnetic metal/dielectric polymer, ferrite/ceramic, and carbon-based/magnetic nanoparticle composite systems. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of some materials is less than −60 dB, and the EAB exceeds 9 GHz. Current research still faces challenges such as the imperfection of the theoretical model of the collaborative mechanism and the difficulty in balancing wideband absorption and environmental stability. In the future, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of micro-mechanisms, develop multi-functional, integrated, intelligent and green materials, and promote their large-scale application in fields such as military stealth, electromagnetic compatibility of electronic equipment, and protection of communication base stations.

Key words: Dielectric-magnetic composite absorbing material, Collaborative mechanism, Dielectric loss, Magnetic loss