物理化学学报 >> 2022, Vol. 38 >> Issue (12): 2111030.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202111030

所属专题： 纪念傅鹰先生诞辰120周年

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碳量子点阳离子表面活性剂的多功能性

杨健1, 雷辰1, 刘祥1,*(), 张建1, 孙玉蝶1, 张铖1, 叶明富1,2, 张奎1,*()   

  1. 1 安徽工业大学化学与化工学院, 安徽 马鞍山 243032
    2 内蒙古工业大学, 风能太阳能利用技术省部共建教育部重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010051
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-22 录用日期:2021-12-07 发布日期:2021-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘祥,张奎 E-mail:liuxiang@ahut.edu.cn;zhangkui@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22106005);国家自然科学基金(22004003);国家自然科学基金(21976002)

Versatile Performance of a Cationic Surfactant Derived from Carbon Quantum Dots

Jian Yang1, Chen Lei1, Xiang Liu1,*(), Jian Zhang1, Yudie Sun1, Cheng Zhang1, Mingfu Ye1,2, Kui Zhang1,*()   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, Anhui Province, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Wind Energy and Solar Energy Technology (Ministry of Education), Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
  • Received:2021-11-22 Accepted:2021-12-07 Published:2021-12-10
  • Contact: Xiang Liu,Kui Zhang E-mail:liuxiang@ahut.edu.cn;zhangkui@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • About author:Email: zhangkui@mail.ustc.edu.cn (K.Z.)
    Email: liuxiang@ahut.edu.cn (X.L.)
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22106005);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22004003);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21976002)

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摘要：

碳量子点以其多彩的荧光及廉价而丰富的制备原料引起人们的广泛兴趣。至今，已有大量关于碳量子点制备及其荧光性能直接利用的文献报道。若采用恰当的方法对碳量子点进行化学修饰，则可以将其转化为实用的精细化学品，从而拓展碳量子点的应用领域。本文报道了一种碳量子点阳离子表面活性剂的制备方法。首先，乙二胺四乙酸、二乙胺及双氧水的混合水溶液经水热处理，获得碳量子点(以OX-CQDs表示)，再以氯代正构十二烷对其进行季铵化修饰，获得新型碳量子点阳离子表面活性剂(以OX-CQDs-C12H25表示)。OX-CQDs-C12H25具有良好的降低水的表面张力和减小水接触角的能力，水的界面张力能降低至26.7 mN∙m−1，其性能超过了一些新型的Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂；季铵化的修饰也大大提高了OX-CQDs对大肠杆菌的抑菌能力，低至0.41 mg∙mL−1的OX-CQDs-C12H25溶液其抑菌率接近100%。表面活性剂，抑菌性和荧光性能赋予了OX-CQDs-C12H25的多种功能性。

关键词: 碳量子点, 季铵化, 阳离子表面活性剂, 表面活性, 荧光, 抑菌性

Abstract:

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted extensive interest due to their strong fluorescence as well as inexpensive and plentiful resources for manufacture. There are numerous published reports on the preparation of CQDs and direct applications based on their photoluminescence. Successive chemical modification of CQDs in an appropriate manner might expand the application scope of CQDs and transform them into practical fine chemicals. The various functional groups on the surface of CQDs allow for efficient chemical modification while imparting them with hydrophilicity. Covalent linking of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains to CQDs would lead to the formation of novel surfactants. Here, a technique for preparing CQD-based cationic surfactants is depicted in detail. This was rare to be reported according to recent publishes. First, a mixture of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and ethylenediamine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous medium was pyrolyzed at 180 ℃ for 60 min. The resulting CQDs are represented as OX-CQDs. Then, the OX-CQDs were subjected to quaternization with 1-chlorododecane for obtaining the cationic surfactant (OX-CQDs-C12H25). The OX-CQDs-C12H25 surfactant effectively decreased the surface tension of water from 72.0 to 26.7 mN∙m−1 at the critical micelle concentration of 5.0 mg∙mL−1, thus demonstrating superior performance over several new Gemini cationic surfactants. The OX-CQDs-C12H25 surfactant also decreased the contact angles of water considerably. However, when longer alkyl chains such as －C14H29 or －C16H33 were attached to the CQDs, the corresponding surfactant was less effective in decreasing the surface tension of water. Calculations based on the Gibbs absorption isothermal equation revealed that two more －C12H25 chains were bonded with a carbon quantum dot averagely, implying that the as-prepared CQD-cationic surfactant belonged to the category of Gemini surfactants. Quaternization with 1-chlorododecane also led to a notable enhancement in the antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli as compared with that of unmodified CQDs. The antibacterial percentage approached 100% even the solution was diluted to 0.41 mg∙mL−1, which was much lower than the critical micelle concentration. The fluorescence quantum yield of OX-CQDs-C12H25 reached 6.44%. Experimental results revealed that hydrogen peroxide played a positive role in improving the surface activity and fluorescence quantum yield of OX-CQDs-C12H25. The surface activity, antibiosis, and fluorescence endowed the versatilities of OX-CQDs-C12H25. This novel, economical technique for synthesizing cationic surfactants eliminates the need for introducing hydrophilic groups. The hydrothermal approach for preparing CQDs satisfies the demand for green chemical synthesis. From this aspect, our technique provides efficient access to synthesizing cationic surfactants.

Key words: Carbon quantum dot, Quaternization, Cationic surfactant, Surface activity, Fluorescence, Antibiosis