Fig 1

Schematic of the synthesis of TiO2/CdIn2S4 heterojunction photocatalyst."

Fig 2

SEM images of TiO2 (a), CdIn2S4 (b), and TCd-5 (c). TEM (d, e) and HRTEM (f) of TCd-5. EDX elemental mappings of Ti, O, Cd, In, and S (g). XRD patterns of TiO2, CdIn2S4, and TCd-x (h)."

Fig 3

XPS spectra of TiO2, CdIn2S4, and TCd-5 (a) and their high-resolution XPS spectra under dark or ultraviolet light irradiation: (b) Ti 2p, (c) O 1s, (d) Cd 3d, (e) In 3d, and (f) S 2p. The structures and work functions of optimized TiO2 (1 0 1) (g) and CdIn2S4 (0 0 1) (h). The blue, red, deep purple, purple, and yellow spheres represent Ti, O, Cd, In, and S atoms, respectively."

Fig 4

UV-Vis DRS of all samples (a). Tauc plots (b) and Mott-Schottky plots (c) of TiO2 and CdIn2S4."

Fig 5

The reaction equation for VAL oxidation coupled with hydrogen production (a). HER rates of all samples using Na2S/Na2SO3 as a sacrificial agent (b). HER rates of TCd-5 using different sacrificial agents (c). Recycling HER tests of TCd-5 (d). HER rate of all samples using VAL as a sacrificial agent (e). VN yield, VN selectivity, and VAL conversion rate for all samples in the VAL oxidation process (f). HPLC images of the standard VAL and VN, along with the corresponding liquid product analysis of the TCd-5 heterojunction after the reaction (g)."

Fig 6

PL spectra of all samples (a). TRPL of pure TiO2 and TCd-5 (b). Transient photocurrents (c) and Nyquist plots (d) of pure TiO2, CdIn2S4, and TCd-5. Calculated Δρ(z) (e) and simulated electron density distribution at the interface of TiO2 and CdIn2S4 (f)."

Fig 7

Band changes before and after contact (a). The S-scheme charge transfer pathway (b). The process of VAL oxidation coupled with H2 evolution on the surface of the TiO2/CdIn2S4 heterojunction (c)."