Fig 1

A schematic illustration of SnS2-based heterojunctions for photocatalytic and gas-sensing applications."

Fig 2

(a) Synthetic scheme of SS/TaTp. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28], Copyright 2025, Elsevier. (b) Preparation process of the SnS2/T-MCS photocatalyst. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [29], Copyright 2025, Elsevier."

Fig 3

TEM images of (a) SnS2, (b) SnO2-SnS2-0.5, (c) SnO2-SnS2-1, (d) SnO2-SnS2-2, (e) SnO2-SnS2-4, and (f) SnO2; (g) schematic diagram of the morphology evolution; (h) HAADF STEM image of SnO2-SnS2-1, (i) STEM-EDX concentration line spectrum of Sn, S, and O; (j) EELS overlaid image of Sn, S, and O; (k–m) EELS images of each element for S, O, and Sn, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [34], Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society."

Fig 4

(a) H2 evolution rates of 2D-2D SnS2/CdS heterostructures with varying amounts of SnS2 NSs; (b) the hydrogen production of SnS2/CdS-35 with different sacrificial agents; (c) cycling tests of SnS2/CdS-35 under visible light of λ ≥ 420 nm; (d) UV-vis light absorption and the corresponding wavelength-dependent AQE of SnS2/CdS-35. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [42], Copyright 2023, Royal Society of Chemistry."

Fig 5

(a) Time-dependent H2 productivity and (b) H2 evolution rate of ZIS and ZIS/SnS2 composites. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [44], Copyright 2023, Elsevier. (c) Three kinds of core-shell nanofibers; (d) photocatalytic H2 evolution performances, (e) average rate of H2 evolution, and (f) wavelength dependence of the apparent quantum yield for the TiO2-based heterostructures. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [45], Copyright 2024, Royal Society of Chemistry."

Fig 6

(a) MO degradation plots and (b) reaction kinetic plots of as-prepared samples; (c) Time-dependent UV-vis absorption spectra of MO solution degraded by SS/SO-2; (d) Cr(Ⅵ) reduction plots of as-prepared samples. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52], Copyright 2025, Elsevier."

Fig 7

(a) Photocatalytic degradation of TC-HCl, (b) corresponding kinetic curves, (c) degradation efficiency and rate constants, and (d) pH-dependent degradation performance. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [54], Copyright 2024, Royal Society of Chemistry."

Fig 8

Time-dependent H2O2 production by the synthesized samples in: (a) pure water (pH = 7), (b) acidic solution (pH = 3), and (c) 10% IPA solution (pH = 3); (d) effects of dissolved oxygen and sacrificial agents on H2O2 generation for SCN/VS-SnS2. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [60], Copyright 2025, Elsevier."

Table 1

Summary of photocatalytic applications based on SnS2 heterojunction materials."

Fig 9

Charge transfer dynamics in S-scheme heterojunctions."

Fig 10

EPR analysis for (a) T-MCS and (b) SnS2/T-MCS; (c) charges transfer mechanism for SnS2/T-MCS under illumination. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [29], Copyright 2025, Elsevier."

Fig 11

Schematics of (a) type-Ⅱ and (b, c) S-scheme photocatalytic charge transfer mechanisms in SnS2/g-C3N4 composites. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [53], Copyright 2022, Elsevier."

Fig 12

Schematic illustration of the photocatalytic H2O2 production mechanism in the SS/TaTp heterojunction. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28], Copyright 2025, Elsevier."

Fig 13

(a) Schematic of SnS2 nanoflower oxidation evolution; (b) NO2 response (3 ppm) at 60/100 ℃ for samples with varying oxidation times; (c) response-concentration linear fitting; (d) repeatability of SnO2/SnS2 (30-min oxidation) toward 3 ppm NO2. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [75], Copyright 2022, Elsevier."

Fig 14

(a) Dynamic response of SnS2/TiO2-2 to 1 ppm NO2 under varying light intensities; (b) response-concentration correlation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [77], Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. (c, d) Resistance changes of sensors in dark/light conditions; (e) light-modulated resistance-concentration dependence. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [78], Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry."

Fig 15

(a) A sketch of the anion exchange reaction for SnS2/SnSe2 heterostructures with in situ construction method; (b) response curves of as-obtained samples to 0.5–4 ppm NO2 at room temperature; (c) response/recovery times of SnS2/SnSe2-2 sensor at different concentration of NO2. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [16], Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry."

Table 2

Summary of NO2 gas sensors based on SnS2 heterojunction materials."

Fig 16

(a) SEM image of MOF@SnS2 hybrids; (b) selectivity of pristine MOF and MOF@SnS2 sensors for various gases; (c) machine learning of MOF@SnS2 sensor. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [98], Copyright 2023, Elsevier."

Fig 17

(a, b) SEM image of pure MXene and HRTEM image of SM-5 sample; (c) selectivity of as-developed sensors to 1 ppm VOCs and 8 ppm NO2; (d) repeatability of SM-5 to NH3 with different concentrations. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [102], Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society."

Fig 18

(a) SEM image of α-MoO3@SnS2; (b) dynamic response curves of MoO3, MS2, MS6 and MS10 sensors (the second hydrothermal time was 2, 6, 10 hours, respectively) for different concentration TEA; (c) response and recovery characteristics of the pure α-MoO3, MS2, MS6 and MS10 sensors for 100 ppm TEA; (d) the long-term stability of the MS6 sensor. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [103], Copyright 2021, Elsevier."

Table 3

Summary of NH3 and TEA sensors based on SnS2 heterojunction materials."

Fig 19

A schematic illustration for sensing mechanism of SnS2-based sensor."

Fig 20

Schematic illustration of the sensing mechanism for a sensor combining SnS2 with (a) a p-type semiconductor and (b) an n-type semiconductor."

Fig 21

Schematic diagram of gas sensing mechanism for (a) SnS2/TiO2 nanocomposite. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [22], Copyright 2024, Elsevier. (b) Gas sensing mechanism illustration for SnS2-MoS2 nanocomposite. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [83], Copyright 2020, Elsevier."

Fig 22

A schematic diagram of advantages and critical challenges for SnS2-based heterojunctions in photocatalytic and gas sensing applications."