Fig 1

Schematic illustration of the preparation strategy for (a) IL@MOF as a Multifunctional Flame-Retardant Additive and (b) IL@MOF constructs a highly stable CEI at the cathode/electrolyte interface."

Fig 2

SEM images of MOF (a) and IL@MOF (b), (c–f) EDS elemental mapping of IL@MOF. TEM images of MOF (g) and IL@MOF (h). (i) Element distribution diagram of MOF and IL@MOF."

Fig 3

(a) The XRD patterns; (b) FTIR spectra; (c) the XPS full Spectra of MOF and IL@MOF; XPS spectra of (d) C 1s, (e) N 1s, (f) O 1s, and (g) P 2p for MOF and IL@MOF."

Fig 4

Combustion properties and physical images of different electrolytes. (a) physical photos. (b) DDE. (c) MIE-1. (d) MIE-5."

Fig 5

(a) Cyclic stability of the Li||Li cells in different electrolyte. (b) EIS of different electrolytes in the Li||Li."

Fig 6

(a) Cycle performance of Li||LFP under different electrolytes. (b) Rate performance of Li||LFP cells using different electrolytes. (c) GCD curves of Li||LFP. (d) CV curves of the cell."

Fig 7

(a) Cycle performance of Li||NCM811 under different electrolytes. (b) Rate performance of Li||NCM811 cells using different electrolytes. (c) GCD curves of Li||NCM811. (d) CV curves of the cell."

Fig 8

Electrochemical performance of graphite|MIE-5|LFP. (a) The photograph of 10.0 Ah graphite|MIE-5|LFP pouch cell used in tests. (b) Discharge curves at different rates. (c) Long cycle performance of 10.0 Ah graphite|MIE-5|LFP pouch cells."

Fig 9

Typical solvation structures of the commercial electrolyte DDE (a) and modified electrolyte (b) during the MD operation, calculated mean square displacement (MSD) of Li+ ions in DDE and MIE-5. (c) MSD of electrolytes as a function of the simulation time. (d) Schematic illustration of the MOF-modified electrolyte, highlighting the spatial confinement and ion transport pathways facilitated by the MOF framework."