物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (7): 100201.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100201

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MOF封装磷/氮离子液体作为高安全性锂离子电池的多功能阻燃添加剂

俞华1,2,†, 陈鼎都3,†, 王璇1, 杨丽君2, 王戈明3,*(), 胡朴3,*()   

  1. 1 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院, 山西 太原 030001
    2 重庆大学电气工程学院, 输变电装备技术全国重点实验室, 重庆 400044
    3 武汉工程大学等离子体化学与新材料湖北省重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430073
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-08 修回日期:2025-10-16 录用日期:2025-10-16 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通讯作者: Email: wanggemingwit@163.com (王戈明)puhu@wit.edu.cn (胡朴)
  • 作者简介:

    †这些作者对这项工作做出了同等贡献

MOF-encapsulated phosphorus/nitrogen ionic liquid as a multifunctional flame-retardant additive for high-safety lithium-ion batteries

Hua Yu1,2, Dingdu Chen3, Xuan Wang1, Lijun Yang2, Geming Wang3,*(), Pu Hu3,*()   

  1. 1 Shanxi Electric Power Research Institute, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
    2 School of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
    3 Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-08 Revised:2025-10-16 Accepted:2025-10-16 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: Email: wanggemingwit@163.com (Geming Wang)puhu@wit.edu.cn (Pu Hu)

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摘要：

锂离子电池中碳酸酯类电解液的可燃性存在安全隐患，亟需开发先进阻燃体系。本文提出一种新型电解质添加剂策略，将含磷/氮离子液体(P/N-ILs)封装于金属有机框架(MOF)中。所得的P/N-ILs@MOF复合材料具有高孔隙率和结构稳定性，在有效防止P/N-ILs聚集的同时，保持了磷元素捕获自由基与氮气稀释的协同阻燃功能。添加5 wt% P/N-ILs@MOF(MIE-5)的电解液实现自熄时间缩短90%，极限氧指数提升32%。电化学测试表明，MIE-5在Li|MIE-5|LiFePPO4电池中展现出优异的循环稳定性，300次循环后容量保持率达84.5%。此外，采用MIE-5电解液的10 Ah石墨|MIE-5|LiFePPO4软包电池在1C倍率下循环280次后仍保留了97.7%的容量，在2C倍率下保持0.2C容量的94.9%。本研究通过MOF封装技术开创了阻燃性与电化学性能协同提升的新范式，为下一代安全耐用锂离子电池的开发提供了重要思路。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 阻燃电解液, 金属有机框架, 离子液体, 安全性

Abstract:

Safety concerns arising from the flammability of alkyl carbonate-based electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries highlight the urgent need for advanced flame-retardant systems. Herein, we propose a novel electrolyte additive strategy by encapsulating phosphorus/nitrogen-containing ionic liquids (P/N-ILs) within a metal-organic framework (MOF). The resulting P/N-ILs@MOF composite exhibits high porosity and structural stability, effectively preventing P/N-ILs aggregation while maintaining synergistic flame-retardant functions of phosphorus for radical scavenging and nitrogen for gas dilution. Electrolytes containing 5 wt% P/N-ILs@MOF (MIE-5) achieve a 90% reduction in self-extinguishing time and an increased limiting oxygen index of 32%. Electrochemical testing demonstrates that MIE-5 delivers excellent cycling stability, retaining 84.5% capacity after 300 cycles in Li|MIE-5|LiFePPO4 cells. Moreover, a 10 Ah graphite|MIE-5|LiFePPO4 pouch cell with MIE-5 maintains 97.7% capacity after 280 cycles at 1C and retains 94.9% of its 0.2C capacity at 2C. This study introduces a new paradigm for integrating flame retardancy with electrochemical performance via MOF-encapsulation, offering significant potential for next-generation safe and durable lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: Lithium-ion batteries, Flame-retardant electrolyte, Metal-organic framework, Ionic liquid, Safety