物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (4): 100222.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100222

所属专题： 二次电池先进正极材料

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锂离子电池中环保型富镍正极浆料系统的最新进展与挑战

王荣荣1,4,5, 李晨1,2,3,4,5,*(), 任祥1,*(), 张克良4, 孙宇4, 孙现众1,2,3,4,5, 王凯2,3,4,5, 张熊2,3,4,5,*(), 马衍伟2,3,4,*()   

  1. 1 济南大学化学化工学院, 山东 济南 250022
    2 中国科学院电工研究所, 高密度电磁动力与系统全国重点实验室, 北京 100190
    3 中国科学院大学工程科学学院, 北京 100049
    4 齐鲁中科电工先进电磁驱动技术研究院, 山东 济南 250013
    5 山东产业技术研究院, 山东 济南 250102
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21 修回日期:2025-11-11 录用日期:2025-11-19 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: Email: lichen@mail.iee.ac.cn (李晨)chm_renx@ujn.edu.cn (任祥)zhangxiong@mail.iee.ac.cn (张熊)ywma@mail.iee.ac.cn (马衍伟)

Recent advances and challenges of eco-friendly Ni-rich cathode slurry systems in lithium-ion batteries

Rongrong Wang1,4,5, Chen Li1,2,3,4,5,*(), Xiang Ren1,*(), Keliang Zhang4, Yu Sun4, Xianzhong Sun1,2,3,4,5, Kai Wang2,3,4,5, Xiong Zhang2,3,4,5,*(), Yanwei Ma2,3,4,*()   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of High Density Electromagnetic Power and Systems, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    3 School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    4 Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
    5 Shandong Institutes of Industrial Technology, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-07-21 Revised:2025-11-11 Accepted:2025-11-19 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Email: lichen@mail.iee.ac.cn (Chen Li)chm_renx@ujn.edu.cn (Xiang Ren)zhangxiong@mail.iee.ac.cn (Xiong Zhang)ywma@mail.iee.ac.cn (Yanwei Ma)

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摘要：

为满足日益增长的高能量锂离子电池(LIBs)需求，富镍正极已成为主流选择。这类电极通常需使用高极性N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶解聚合物粘结剂，形成流变稳定的浆料以确保电极内部强机械粘附。然而，NMP对环境与健康的潜在危害使其面临日益严格的监管限制，推动产业向更绿色、安全的浆料体系转型。本综述首先系统建立了绿色溶剂筛选与浆料性质评估的理论框架，涵盖溶剂-粘结剂相容性、溶解度理论、汉森溶解度参数、Flory-Huggins相互作用参数以及关键的流变学表征方法。在此基础上，重点回顾了近年来绿色溶剂体系的浆料制备进展，包括内酯类、亚砜类、磷酸酯类、酰胺类以及多种生物基替代溶剂，随后聚焦绿色浆料在涂布与干燥等加工环节中的行为特征，揭示其对电极微结构形成路径的深层影响，以及随之在机械内聚力、界面黏附性、容量保持与循环寿命等关键指标上的性能决定作用。通过分析粘结剂溶解性、分散稳定性、流变特性及干燥动力学对电极形貌、机械内聚力、容量保持率和循环稳定性的影响，指出当前绿色浆料体系仍面临粘结剂溶解不充分、干燥过程迁移、高固含量配方适应性有限等实际障碍，并提出基于热力学的溶剂筛选、流变学优化及干燥动力学控制等解决方案。最后，结合人工智能技术的最新发展，展望了数据驱动的溶解度预测、流变行为建模以及干燥过程仿真等前沿方向在构建绿色浆料体系中的潜在价值。本综述融合经典理论框架与智能化计算工具，旨在为下一代高能量密度锂离子电池的可持续制造提供新的思路与方向。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 富镍正极, 聚偏氟乙烯粘结剂, 绿色溶剂, 浆料流变学, 可持续制造

Abstract:

Ni-rich layered cathodes have become the mainstream choice to meet the growing demand for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which typically involves the use of highly polar N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to dissolve polymeric binders and form rheologically stable slurries for strong mechanical adhesion within the electrode. However, growing health and environmental concerns over NMP have triggered increasingly stringent regulations for sustainable development of LIB industries, thereby accelerating a long-overdue paradigm shift toward greener and safer solvent systems. In this context, this review first establishes a comprehensive theoretical framework for green solvent selection and slurry evaluation, including key concepts of solvent-binder compatibility, such as solubility theory, Hansen solubility parameters, Flory-Huggins interactions, and rheological characterization. Subsequently, the review highlights recent research progress in the development of green solvent-based slurries, covering a variety of solvent systems such as lactones, sulfoxides, phosphates, amides, and bio-based alternatives. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating how the processing behavior of green slurry influences the architecture of electrodes and determines their key performance indicators. Binder solubility, dispersion stability, rheological properties, and drying dynamics are analyzed in relation to their effects on electrode morphology, mechanical cohesion, capacity retention, and cycling stability. Despite encouraging laboratory results, these green slurry systems still face several practical barriers, including incomplete binder dissolution, binder migration during drying, and limited adaptability to high-solid-content formulations and accelerated drying protocols. To address these challenges, this review also proposes corresponding mitigation strategies and design recommendations, including thermodynamic-based solvent screening, rheological optimization, and drying kinetics control tailored to Ni-rich electrode systems. Finally, by integrating the latest advances in artificial intelligence, this review outlines future directions for predictable green slurry systems enabled by techniques such as machine learning-assisted solubility prediction, data-driven rheology modeling, and numerical model-enhanced drying simulations. By combining classical theoretical insights with advanced computational strategies, this review is expected to provide new perspectives for the sustainable manufacturing of next-generation high-energy batteries.

Key words: Lithium-ion battery, Nickel-rich cathode, Poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder, Green solvent, Slurry rheology, Sustainable manufacturing