物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (10): 100293.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100293

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碳纳米管桥接垂直氧化锌阵列的致密导电网络增强碳纤维/聚合物复合材料的电磁干扰屏蔽、力学及热学性能

黄心萌1, 张浩然1,*(), 刘梦欣1, 缪莹1, 余珍稀1, 吴奇2, 潘蕾1,*()   

  1. 1 南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院, 江苏 南京 210016
    2 南京航空航天大学航天学院, 江苏 南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-13 修回日期:2026-03-30 录用日期:2026-03-30 发布日期:2026-09-03
  • 通讯作者: bettypan@nuaa.edu.cn (潘蕾)Email: haoranzhang@nuaa.edu.cn (张浩然)

A densified conductive network of carbon nanotube-bridged vertical ZnO arrays for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber/polymer composites

Xinmeng Huang1, Haoran Zhang1,*(), Mengxin Liu1, Ying Miao1, Zhenxi Yu1, Qi Wu2, Lei Pan1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu Province, China
    2 College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2026-02-13 Revised:2026-03-30 Accepted:2026-03-30 Published:2026-09-03
  • Contact: bettypan@nuaa.edu.cn (Lei Pan)Email: haoranzhang@nuaa.edu.cn (Haoran Zhang)

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摘要：

为满足先进电子器件对电磁干扰屏蔽与高效热管理集成化日益增长的需求，本研究通过仿生层级界面设计，开发了一种多功能碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)。采用多级界面工程策略：首先，通过聚多巴胺活化改善界面粘附；其次，原位生长垂直排列的氧化锌纳米棒阵列，提供机械互锁、介电损耗及径向热传导路径；最后，通过片状碳纳米管网络桥接相邻纤维，形成致密、连续的导电框架。这种有机-无机“线-面”耦合结构实现了显著的多功能增强效果：复合材料在X波段的电磁干扰屏蔽效能达到30.8 dB，面外导热系数达0.71 W m−1 K−1，力学性能亦有显著提升——层间剪切强度与弯曲强度分别提高了57.4%和84.3%。此外，复合材料还展现出高效焦耳热效应与光热响应特性。本工作提出了一种可扩展的多级界面策略，实现了结构、热学与电磁功能的协同集成，为电磁干扰敏感领域中下一代结构材料的设计提供了可行的技术路径。

关键词: 碳纤维, ZnO纳米棒, 导热性能, 机械性能, 电磁干扰屏蔽

Abstract:

In response to the growing demands of advanced electronics with integrated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and efficient thermal management, this study develops a multifunctional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) through a biomimetic hierarchical interface design. A multi-level interfacial engineering approach is employed: first, polydopamine activation improves interfacial adhesion; second, vertically-aligned ZnO nanorod (NRs) arrays are grown in situ to provide mechanical interlocking, dielectric loss, and radial heat conduction pathways; finally, a sheet-like carbon nanotube (CNT) network bridges adjacent fibers, forming a densified, continuous conductive framework. This organic-inorganic, "line-plane" coupled architecture results in remarkable multifunctional enhancement: the composite achieves an EMI shielding effectiveness of 30.8 dB in the X-band, a through-plane thermal conductivity of 0.71 W m−1 K−1, and significant mechanical improvements—interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength increased by 57.4% and 84.3%, respectively. Efficient Joule heating and photothermal response are also demonstrated. This work presents a scalable hierarchical interface strategy that synergistically integrates structural, thermal, and electromagnetic functions, offering a viable design pathway for next-generation structural materials in EMI-sensitive applications.

Key words: Carbon fiber, ZnO nanorod, Thermal conductivity, Mechanical property, Electromagnetic interference shielding