ZnO掺杂的SnO2纳米纤维的制备、表征及气敏机理

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB201402191

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以二水氯化亚锡（SnCl₂·2H₂O）为盐原料，采用静电纺丝的方法制备了SnO₂纳米纤维. 为了研究ZnO掺杂对SnO₂形貌、结构及化学成分的影响，分别制备了不同含量ZnO掺杂的SnO₂/ZnO 复合材料. 利用热重-差热分析（TG-DTA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱仪、扫描电镜（SEM）及能量色散X射线（EDX）光谱对材料的结晶学特性及微结构进行了表征. 制备的SnO₂/ZnO 复合材料是由纳米量级的小颗粒构成的分级结构材料. ZnO含量不同，对应的SnO₂/ZnO复合材料结构不同. 表征结果表明ZnO的掺杂量对SnO₂材料的形貌及结构均起着重要作用. 将制备的不同ZnO含量的SnO₂/ZnO复合材料进行气敏测试，测试结果表明，Sn：Zn摩尔比为1：1制作的气敏元件对甲醇的灵敏度优于其它摩尔比的气敏元件. 讨论了SnO₂/ZnO复合材料气敏元件的敏感机理. 同时针对Sn：Zn 摩尔比为1：1 时表现出最好的气敏响应，分析了其原因，包括Zn的替位式掺杂行为、ZnO的催化作用、过量ZnO对SnO₂生长的抑制作用以及SnO₂与ZnO晶粒界面处的异质结.

关键词: 静电纺丝, 复合纳米纤维, 气体传感器, 甲醇, 异质结

Abstract:

SnO₂ nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning, using SnCl₂ ·2H₂O as the raw material. The influences of ZnO doping on the morphologies, structures, and compositions of the SnO₂ nanofibers were studied by introducing different amounts of ZnO into the SnO₂. The crystallography and microstructures of the synthesized SnO₂/ZnO composite nanofibers with different molar ratios of Sn to Zn were investigated using thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The obtained SnO₂/ZnO composite nanofibers with different ZnO contents had hollow hierarchical structures composed of nanocrystals. Different amounts of ZnO gave different structures. The characterization results showed that the introduction of ZnO into SnO₂ played an important role in the SnO₂ nanofiber structure. The gas sensing properties of sensors based on different ZnO-doped SnO₂ nanofibers were tested. The results indicated that the methanol-sensing performance of the sensor containing SnO₂/ZnO in a molar ratio of 1:1 was better than those of the others. The sensing mechanisms of ZnO-doped SnO₂ nanofibers were examined in detail. Possible reasons for the enhanced SnO₂ nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning, using SnCl₂ ?2H₂O as the raw material. The influences of ZnO doping on the morphologies, structures, and compositions of the SnO₂ nanofibers were studied by introducing different amounts of ZnO into the SnO₂. The crystallography and microstructures of the synthesized SnO₂/ZnO composite nanofibers with different molar ratios of Sn to Zn were investigated using thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The obtained SnO₂/ZnO composite nanofibers with different ZnO contents had hollow hierarchical structures composed of nanocrystals. Different amounts of ZnO gave different structures. The characterization results showed that the introduction of ZnO into SnO₂ played an important role in the SnO₂ nanofiber structure. The gas sensing properties of sensors based on different ZnO-doped SnO₂ nanofibers were tested. The results indicated that the methanol-sensing performance of the sensor containing SnO₂/ZnO in a molar ratio of 1:1 was better than those of the others. The sensing mechanisms of ZnO-doped SnO₂ nanofibers were examined in detail. Possible reasons for the enhanced

Key words: Electrospinning, Composite nanofiber, Gas sensor, Methanol, Heterojunction

唐伟, 王兢, 姚朋军, 杜海英, 孙炎辉. ZnO掺杂的SnO₂纳米纤维的制备、表征及气敏机理[J]. 物理化学学报, 2014, 30(4): 781-788.

TANG Wei, WANG Jing, YAO Peng-Jun, DU Hai-Ying, SUN Yan-Hui. Preparation, Characterization and Gas Sensing Mechanism of ZnO-Doped SnO₂ Nanofibers[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2014, 30(4): 781-788.

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB201402191

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2014/V30/I4/781

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ZnO掺杂的SnO₂纳米纤维的制备、表征及气敏机理

Preparation, Characterization and Gas Sensing Mechanism of ZnO-Doped SnO₂ Nanofibers

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