物理化学学报 >> 2021, Vol. 37 >> Issue (9): 2010029.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202010029

所属专题: 燃料电池

综述 上一篇    下一篇

有序金属间化合物电催化剂在燃料电池中的应用进展

李峥嵘, 申涛, 胡冶州, 陈科, 陆贇, 王得丽()   

  • 收稿日期:2020-10-14 录用日期:2020-12-02 发布日期:2020-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 王得丽 E-mail:wangdl81125@hust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:Deli Wang, Email: wangdl81125@hust.edu.cn
    王得丽,1981年生。2008年于武汉大学获博士学位。2008–2012年先后在新加坡南洋理工大学和美国康奈尔大学从事博士后研究。2013年初入职华中科技大学化学与化工学院任教授。获得中组部海外高层次人才计划和教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”。主要从事先进电化学能源材料方面的研究工作
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(91963109)

Progress on Ordered Intermetallic Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells Application

Zhengrong Li, Tao Shen, Yezhou Hu, Ke Chen, Yun Lu, Deli Wang()   

  • Received:2020-10-14 Accepted:2020-12-02 Published:2020-12-10
  • Contact: Deli Wang E-mail:wangdl81125@hust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91963109)

摘要:

在燃料电池阴极氧还原反应以及阳极小分子氧化反应中,结构有序的金属间化合物由于具有可控的组成和结构表现出良好的电催化活性和催化稳定性,受到科研工作者的广泛关注。本文基于课题组多年来在有序金属间化合物电催化剂方面的研究情况,综述了贵金属基有序金属间化合物电催化剂的研究现状。重点介绍了结构有序金属间化合物的结构特点、表征方法、可控制备以及其在燃料电池电催化剂中的应用。此外,对这类材料当前存在的问题以及未来发展方向进行了讨论及展望,以期为燃料电池电催化剂的发展开拓新的思路。

关键词: 燃料电池, 电催化, 金属间化合物, 氧还原反应, 小分子氧化

Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered as one of the most promising energy conversion devices owing to their high power density, high energy conversion efficiency, environment-friendly merit, and low operating temperature. In the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction and anodic small-molecule oxidation reactions, Pt shows excellent catalytic activity. However, several factors limit the practical application of Pt nanoparticles in fuel cells, such as the high price of Pt, easy agglomeration during long-term cycling, and limited electrocatalytic performance. Alloying Pt with 3d-transition metal produces ligand and strain effects, which reduces the center of Pt-d band and weakens the binding strength of oxygen species, thereby improving the catalytic activity and reducing the cost. However, the performance of fuel cells degrades seriously because the transition metals tend to dissolve in acidic electrolytes. The disordered alloy transformed into ordered intermetallic nanoparticles can prevent the dissolution of transition metals. Ordered intermetallics have highly ordered atomic arrangements and strong Pt(5d)-M(3d) orbital interactions, which result in excellent stability in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Ordered intermetallic nanoparticles have attracted significant attention owing to their excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability, which can be attributed to controllable composition and structure. Pd has a similar electronic structure and lattice parameters to Pt, and has thus attracted significant attention. Several Pd-based ordered intermetallics have been synthesized, and they exhibit sufficient catalytic performance. This review discusses the recent progress in noble metal-based ordered intermetallic electrocatalysts based on the research status of our group over the years. First, the structural characteristics and characterization methods of ordered intermetallic nanoparticles are introduced, exhibiting approaches to distinguish ordered and disordered phases. Then, the controllable preparation of ordered nanoparticles is highlighted, including thermal annealing and direct liquid phase synthesis. The migration and interdiffusion of atoms in the ordering process is very difficult. High-temperature thermal annealing is the most commonly used method for preparing intermetallics, which can precisely control the composition and atomic ordered arrangement. However, thermal annealing can only produce thermodynamically stable spherical nanoparticles. Supports and coating layers are usually employed to prevent agglomeration of nanoparticles at high temperatures. Finally, the applications of ordered intermetallic nanoparticles in fuel cell electrocatalysts are reviewed, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In addition, the current challenges and future development directions of the catalysts are discussed and discussed to provide new ideas for the development of fuel cell electrocatalysts.

Key words: Fuel cell, Electrocatalysis, Intermetallics, Oxygen reduction reaction, Small-molecule oxidation