MXenes在水系锌离子电池中的应用研究进展

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202210027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水系锌离子电池(AZIBs)作为一种低成本、高安全的新兴且前景广阔的储能技术近年来备受关注。新型MXenes材料由于其独特的结构特征和物理化学性质，如易调节的二维结构、优异的导电性、化学组成多样和可控的表面化学特性，在AZIBs中表现出独特的应用优势。本文全面综述近年来MXenes在AZIBs中应用的研究进展，探讨MXenes应用于AZIBs正负极的结构设计及性能优化策略：在正极方面，MXenes可直接作为活性物质或活性物质前驱体、基体材料，以获得高活性、优异的循环寿命和倍率性能；在负极方面，MXenes可作为锌沉积的二维/三维载体、亲锌基体及锌金属界面保护层，以减缓电化学反应过程中锌金属的腐蚀和枝晶生长。此外，本文也对MXenes基材料在AZIBs中应用的发展方向进行展望。

关键词: MXenes, 水系锌离子电池, 正极材料, 载体材料, 界面保护, 电解液添加剂

Abstract:

In recent years, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received considerable interest as a novel and promising alternative energy storage technology. Owing to their particular structural traits and physicochemical qualities, MXenes as cathodes impart significant beneficial properties to AZIBs, such as readily modifiable two-dimensional (2D) structure, high electrical conductivity, desirable chemical composition, and controllable surface chemical properties. This review includes a comprehensive discussion on the progression of MXenes in AZIBs in relation to the most sophisticated structural design and performance optimization methodologies available for the construction of cathodes and anodes. MXenes may be utilized directly as an active material or a precursor of an active material in cathodes to achieve a long cycle life and high rate performance because of their contribution, which is summarized as follow: (1) MXenes with a 2D layered structure and high conductivity can be employed as a conductive substrate in combination with manganese and vanadium oxides to enhance the cycle and rate performance of composite materials; (2) zinc ion transport kinetics is accelerated in manganese and vanadium oxide composites when 3D MXenes are used as a substrate; (3) MXenes allow excellent electrolyte penetration owing to the presence of abundant hydrophilic functional groups, which may enhance the electrochemical response of composite electrode materials; (4) MXene derivatives contain a broad range of surface functional groups and exhibit high activity and a wide voltage window; (5) MXenes possess remarkable mechanical flexibility, allowing for the production of flexible wearable AZIBs. Moreover, MXenes can be employed as a 2D/3D host, zincophilic seed matrix, and zinc interface protection layer to retard zinc metal corrosion and dendrite formation when zinc metal is used as the anode because of the following advantages: (1) MXenes have a 2D structure and multi-functional surface, allow excellent water dispersion, and can be processed into various porous skeletons; (2) MXenes exhibit excellent electrical conductance and ion diffusion, allowing for rapid electrochemical kinetics during zinc plating/stripping; (3) lattice size compatibility between MXenes and zinc metal allows zinc metal to nucleate and deposit evenly; (4) the abundant functional groups on the MXene surface may serve as zincophilic and nucleation sites to promote the homogeneous nucleation and deposition of zinc. The review also highlights the electrochemical deposition (for zinc foil) and physical mixing techniques for using MXenes as a host to encapsulate zinc (for zinc powder). Moreover, the discussion is directed to the use of MXenes as an electrolyte additive for AZIBs and as an inorganic filler for solid electrolytes to prevent dendrite formation and corrosion issues in zinc anodes. Finally, the challenges and prospects of using MXenes in AZIBs are presented.

Key words: MXenes, Aqueous zinc-ion battey, Cathode, Host, Interface protection, Electrolyte additive

刘欢, 马宇, 曹斌, 朱奇珍, 徐斌. MXenes在水系锌离子电池中的应用研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2023, 39(5), 2210027. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202210027

Huan Liu, Yu Ma, Bin Cao, Qizhen Zhu, Bin Xu. Recent Progress of MXenes in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2023, 39(5), 2210027. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202210027

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202210027

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2023/V39/I5/2210027

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Element	Material abundance (×10⁻⁶)	Ion radius (nm)	E (vs. SHE) (V)	Theoretical gravimetric capacity (mAh∙g⁻¹)	Theoretical volumetric capacity (mAh∙cm⁻³)	Relative atomic mass
Li	18	0.076	−0.304	3862	2061	6.94
Na	23000	0.102	−2.71	1166	1129	23.00
K	21000	0.138	−2.93	685	610	39.10
Zn	79	0.074	−0.76	820	5851	65.38
Mg	23000	0.072	−2.37	2205	3834	24.31
Ca	41000	0.106	−2.87	1337	2073	40.08

Strategies	Anode materials	Electrolyte	Current density ^a/(mA∙cm⁻²)	Areal Capacity ^a/(mAh∙cm⁻²)	Life span ^a/(h)	Ref.
MXene host	Ti₃C₂T_x@Zn paper	2 mol∙L⁻¹ ZnSO₄	1	1	300	81
	MXene/Graphene Aerogel@Zn	2 mol∙L⁻¹ ZnSO₄	10	1	1000	82
	Zn@MXene@Sb	2 mol∙L⁻¹ ZnSO₄	0.5	0.5	1000	85
	Ti₃C₂T_x@Zn powder	2 mol∙L⁻¹ ZnSO₄	1	0.5	200	86
MXene interface protective	MZn-60	2 mol∙L⁻¹ ZnSO₄	0.2	0.2	800	87
	Ti₃C₂Cl₂-Zn	2 mol∙L⁻¹ ZnSO₄	2	2	> 800	88
	MXene/ZnS@Zn	2 mol∙L⁻¹ ZnSO₄	0.5	0.5	1600	89
MXene-based electrolyte additives	Zn//Zn	ZnSO₄-MXene-0.05	1	1	1000	96
	Zn//Zn	PVHF/MXene- g-PMA	0.1	0.1	1200	99
	Zn//Zn	PVA-Zn(CF₃SO₃)₂-TiO₂	0.5	0.5	3000	98

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