玉米酒糟衍生硬碳：一种可持续的高倍率、长寿命钠离子电池负极材料

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100199

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以玉米酒糟为原料制备的硬碳(HC)是一种可持续、低成本钠离子电池(SIBs)负极候选材料，但其实际应用一直受限于其不足的可逆容量。本研究报道一种温度梯度处理法，该方法可精确调控玉米酒糟衍生硬碳的层间距、孔隙率和石墨化程度，从而获得卓越的电化学性能。优化后的材料具有0.378 nm层间距和1.68 nm主孔径，展现出优异的高倍率性能：在1.0和2.0 A g^-1电流密度下分别实现289与198 mAh g^-1的比容量，且在2.0 A g^-1下循环700次后容量保持率达83%。通过原位X射线衍射与非原位拉曼光谱联用，揭示出“吸附-插层协同孔隙填充”的独特储钠机制，该机制有助于解释其快速动力学特性和长循环稳定性。这些结果表明，通过精准调控生物质衍生硬碳的结构策略，可实现实用化SIB负极所需的容量、倍率性能和循环寿命——使这种储量丰富、源自废弃物的材料大幅迈向商业化。

关键词: 玉米酒糟, 硬碳, 非原位拉曼, 原位X射线衍射, 倍率性能

Abstract:

Hard carbon (HC) derived from corn-distillers is a sustainable, affordable anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), yet its practical deployment has been limited by insufficient reversible capacity. Here we report a temperature-gradient treatment that precisely tailors interlayer spacing, porosity, and graphitization in corn-distillers-derived hard carbon, unlocking exceptional electrochemical performance. The optimized material exhibits an interlayer spacing of 0.378 nm and a dominant pore size of 1.68 nm. It demonstrates outstanding high-rate behavior, achieving 289 and 198 mAh g^-1 at 1.0 and 2.0 A g^-1, respectively. Additionally, it retains 83% of its capacity after 700 cycles at 2.0 A g^-1. Integrating in situ X-ray diffraction with ex situ Raman spectroscopy demonstrates a unique sodium-storage mechanism characterized by both "adsorption–intercalation and pore-filling". This approach helps elucidate the rapid kinetics and long-lasting performance. These results demonstrate that controlled structural tactics of biomass-derived HC can achieve the desired capacity, rate capability, and longevity required for practical SIB anodes—bringing an abundant, waste-derived feedstock dramatically closer to commercialization.

Key words: Corn distillers, Hard carbon, Ex situ Raman, In situ XRD, Rate performance

张雪, 何子涵, 吴英琪, 余维来, 刘涛. 玉米酒糟衍生硬碳：一种可持续的高倍率、长寿命钠离子电池负极材料[J]. 物理化学学报, 2026, 42(5), 100199. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100199

Xue Zhang, Zihan He, Yingqi Wu, Weilai Yu, Tao Liu. Corn-distillers-derived hard carbon: a sustainable high-rate, long-life anode for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2026, 42(5), 100199. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100199

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100199

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V42/I5/100199

图/表 5

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