锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007006

物理化学学报 >> 2021, Vol. 37 >> Issue (4): 2007006.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007006

所属专题：金属卤化物钙钛矿光电材料和器件

锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

李淏淼¹, 董化¹^,², 李璟睿³, 吴朝新¹^,²^,*()

¹ 西安交通大学电子科学与工程学院，电子物理与器件教育部重点实验室，陕西省信息光子技术重点实验室，西安 710049
² 山西大学极端光学协同创新中心，太原 030006
³ 西安交通大学电子科学与工程学院，电子陶瓷与器件教育部重点实验室，国际电介质研究中心，西安 710049

收稿日期:2020-07-02 录用日期:2020-08-03 发布日期:2020-08-07
通讯作者: 吴朝新 E-mail:zhaoxinwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴朝新，西安交通大学教授，博士生导师;主要从事有机光电材料与器件研究。主持国家重大基础研究计划、主持国家重点研发计划专项、主持自然科学基金面上课题以及教育部、陕西省等各项课题多项

Recent Advances in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Haomiao Li¹, Hua Dong¹^,², Jingrui Li³, Zhaoxin Wu¹^,²^,*()

¹ Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
² Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
³ Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China

Received:2020-07-02 Accepted:2020-08-03 Published:2020-08-07
Contact: Zhaoxin Wu E-mail:zhaoxinwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
About author:Zhaoxin Wu, Email: zhaoxinwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自2009年以来，有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿因其独特的光学和电学性能，在光电材料领域受到了广泛的研究，尤其是Pb基的卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池，目前光电转换效率高达创纪录的约25.2%，显示出强大的商业化潜力。然而，Pb元素的毒性及因而导致的环境隐患问题，一直是其产业化过程中的顾虑之一。因此，寻求能替代Pb的环境友好的元素，是一个十分重要的课题。Pb基钙钛矿材料优异的光电特性来源于Pb²⁺的最外层6s²孤对电子，与Pb元素同主族的Sn元素能够形成三维钙钛矿结构且同样具有惰性5s²外层电子结构，因而是替代Pb的首选。本文系统地介绍了Sn基钙钛矿的光学和电学性质，并从薄膜制备方法和不同的器件结构方面介绍Sn基钙钛矿太阳能电池的最新进展。

关键词: Sn基, 有机/无机钙钛矿, 太阳能电池, 成膜方法, 器件结构

Abstract:

Since 2009, organic-inorganic halide perovskites have been widely studied in the field of optoelectric materials due to their unique optical and electrical properties. Pb-based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), in particular, currently have a record efficiency of 25.2%, thus showing strong potential in commercialization. However, the market prospects of PSCs have been hampered by the toxicity of lead-based materials. Therefore the seeking of less toxic and environmentally friendly elements that can replace Pb is of great interest. Tin-based perovskites are the most promising choice at present due to its similar electronic configuration as Pb, and can even have more superior semiconductor properties. As a rising star of lead-free perovskite solar cells, tin-based PSCs have drawn much attention and made promising progress during the past few years. However, it is still challenging to obtain efficient and stable tin-based PSCs because of the low defects formation energy and the oxidation of bivalent tin. Among all Pb-free perovskite materials that show photovoltaic performance, formamidinium tin tri-iodide (FASnI₃) based PSCs are the most promising because of the suitable band gap, low exciton bind energy, and high carrier mobility. The main drawbacks of tin-based perovskite material are its instability because of the easy oxidation of Sn²⁺ into Sn⁴⁺ and high dark current which arises from high p-type carrier concentration. The latter originates from the low formation energy of Sn vacancies. Many strategies have been developed to overcome these problems and promote the performance of tin-based PSCs. On one type of pursuit to avoid the oxidation of Sn²⁺, reduction additives (e.g., SnF₂, pyrazine, hydrazine vapor, hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid or its salt, and π-conjugated polymer) and solvent-free processing have been introduced and shown to be effective up to a point. In another type, Cs or Br alloying and construction of low-dimensional structures in tin-based perovskite have also been shown to be promising. In this review, the optical and electrical properties of tin-based perovskite are systematically discussed. And then, the film fabrication methods and different device architectures of tin-based PSCs are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and a future outlook for tin-based PSCs are discussed.

Key words: Tin-based, Organic-inorganic perovskite, Solar cell, Film fabrication method, Device architecture

李淏淼, 董化, 李璟睿, 吴朝新. 锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展[J]. 物理化学学报, 2021, 37(4): 2007006.

Haomiao Li, Hua Dong, Jingrui Li, Zhaoxin Wu. Recent Advances in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2021, 37(4): 2007006.

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB202007006

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2021/V37/I4/2007006

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锡基钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

Recent Advances in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

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