具有Fe3O4和银纳米颗粒的不对称双层芳纶纳米纤维复合气凝胶用于高性能电磁屏蔽

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100389

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 现代通信技术的快速发展导致电磁干扰污染日益严重，亟需开发兼具优异屏蔽效能与低反射特征的轻质屏蔽材料。本研究采用顺序真空抽滤技术，制备了由ANF/Fe₃O₄磁性吸收顶层和ANF/AgNPs导电反射底层构成的不对称双层复合气凝胶。Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒和AgNPs原位沉积在芳纶纳米纤维上，形成紧密的界面结合。系统研究了Fe₃O₄负载量和吸收层厚度对微观结构、磁性能和电磁屏蔽性能的影响。最优样品(Fe-HK/Ag)的电磁屏蔽效能达80.6 dB，反射系数低至0.75。其屏蔽机制遵循“吸收-反射-再吸收”多重损耗路径：导电ANF/AgNPs层提供强反射，ANF/Fe₃O₄层贡献磁损耗和介电损耗，多孔ANF网络促进多重散射。方向依赖性测试表明，从ANF/Fe₃O₄层入射时反射更低、吸收更强，有利于减少二次电磁污染。此外，复合气凝胶表现出优异的热稳定性和超顺磁行为。本研究为开发轻质、高效、低反射的电磁屏蔽材料提供了可行路径，这些材料在航空航天、可穿戴设备和先进通信技术等领域具有潜在应用价值。

关键词: 芳纶纳米纤维, 四氧化三铁纳米颗粒, 银纳米颗粒, 双层气凝胶, 电磁干扰屏蔽

Abstract: The rapid growth of modern communication technologies leads to increasingly serious electromagnetic interference (EMI) contamination, creating an urgent need for lightweight shielding materials that combine excellent shielding effectiveness (SE) with minimized reflected waves. In this work, an asymmetric bilayer composite aerogel consisting of a top ANF/Fe₃O₄ magnetic absorption layer and a bottom ANF/AgNPs conductive reflective layer using a sequential vacuum filtration technique was fabricated. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and AgNPs are in situ deposited onto aramid nanofibers (ANFs), forming tight interfacial contacts. The effects of Fe₃O₄ loading and absorption layer thickness on the microstructure, magnetic properties, and EMI shielding performance are systematically investigated. The optimal sample (Fe-HK/Ag) achieves an EMI SE of 80.6 dB with a reduced reflection coefficient of 0.75. The shielding mechanism follows an “absorption-reflection-reabsorption” multiple-loss pathway, where the conductive ANF/AgNPs layer provides strong reflection, while the ANF/Fe₃O₄ layer contributes magnetic and dielectric losses, and the porous ANF network promotes multiple scattering. Direction-dependent measurements show that incident from the ANF/Fe₃O₄ layer yields lower reflection and higher absorption, favorable for reducing secondary electromagnetic pollution. Moreover, the composite aerogels exhibit outstanding thermal stability and superparamagnetic behavior. This study offers a feasible route to develop lightweight, high-efficiency, and low-reflection EMI shielding materials with potential uses in aerospace, wearable devices, and advanced communication technologies.

Key words: Aramid nanofibers, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, Silver nanoparticles, Bilayer aerogel, Electromagnetic interference shielding

王明艳, 侯金啸, 程琳琳, 李海丰, 陈韶娟, 王越, 江亮, 周彦粉. 具有Fe₃O₄和银纳米颗粒的不对称双层芳纶纳米纤维复合气凝胶用于高性能电磁屏蔽[J]. 物理化学学报 2026, (), 100389. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100389

Mingyan Wang, Jinxiao Hou, Linlin Cheng, Haifeng Li, Shaojuan Chen, Yue Wang, Liang Jiang, Yanfen Zhou. Asymmetric bilayer aramid nanofiber composite aerogels with Fe₃O₄ and silver nanoparticles for high-performance electromagnetic shielding[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2026, (), 100389. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100389

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100389

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V/I/100389

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具有Fe₃O₄和银纳米颗粒的不对称双层芳纶纳米纤维复合气凝胶用于高性能电磁屏蔽

Asymmetric bilayer aramid nanofiber composite aerogels with Fe₃O₄ and silver nanoparticles for high-performance electromagnetic shielding

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