基于碳量子点的光电器件应用新进展

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB201804041

Abstract

Abstract:

As new types of carbon nanomaterials, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have received widespread attention for their potential applications in optoelectronic device owing to their unique properties such as long hot-electron lifetime, high electron mobility, tunable bandgap, strong stable florescence, solution-processability, stability, non-toxicity, and low cost. Correspondingly, there has been several interesting developments in researches focusing on CQDs. In this review, we will present an update the on the latest research on the synthesis, morphology, structural characteristics, and optoelectronic properties of CQDs. The latter are determined by quantum confinement effect and surface defects. Using bottom-up synthesis methods, CQDs with higher crystallinity and less surface defects could be obtained by accurately designing the precursors and reaction conditions. The structures could be characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Secondly, the latest progress on photoelectric devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells (SCs), and photodetectors (PDs), are summarized in detail. CQDs-based LEDs are divided into photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) LEDs owing to their different excitation modes. Recently, PL LEDs leveled with developed QDs-based LEDs in both luminous efficiency and color rendering index (CRI). With the discovery of their bandgap emission, CQDs overcame carrier injection, which is determined by surface defects and molecule states, and presented excellent potential in EL applications. Moreover, their broad absorption in the ultraviolet-to-visible light range and high electron mobility make CQDs preferable for improving energy conversion efficiency of SCs and responsivity of PDs. Finally, we delineate current challenges on studying CQDs. Its indefinite fluorescence mechanism and structural characterizations limit the development of CQDs. Furthermore, large-scale synthesis methods for CQDs with high quantum yields and crystallinity are not yet established, which hinders their utility in optoelectronic devices. Moreover, CQDs with narrow emission bandwidth (full width at half maximum, FWHM ≤ 35 nm) still do not exist, which restrains their applications in display and laser. Hence, researches on CQDs-based optoelectronic applications are still in the first stages of development. We hope that this review will indicate future directions and encourage critical thinking to elicit new discoveries on CQDs from both fundamental and applied researches. Consequently, the potential of environment-friendly CQDs can be realized in optoelectronics and more areas.

Key words: Carbon quantum dot, Synthesis, Optoelectronic property, Light emitting diode, Solar cells, Photodetector

Ping HE,Fanglong YUAN,Zifei WANG,Zhanao TAN,Louzhen FAN. Growing Carbon Quantum Dots for Optoelectronic Devices[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2018, 34(11), 1250-1263. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201804041

References

1	Li H. ; He X. ; Liu Y. ; Huang H. ; Lian S. ; Lee S. T. ; Kang Z. Carbon 2011, 49 (2), 605.
2	Ponomarenko L. A. ; Schedin F. ; Katsnelson M. I. ; Yang R. ; Hill E. W. ; Novoselov K. S. ; Geim A. K. Science 2007, 320 (5874), 356.
3	Fan Z. ; Li S. ; Yuan F. ; Fan L. RSC Adv. 2015, 5 (25), 19773.
4	Song Y. ; Zhu S. ; Yang B. RSC Adv. 2014, 4 (52), 27184.
5	Namdari P. ; Negahdari B. ; Eatemadi A. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2017, 87, 209.
6	Dong Y. ; Cai J. ; You X. ; Chi Y. Analyst 2015, 140 (22), 7468.
7	Dong Y. ; Li G. ; Zhou N. ; Wang R. ; Chi Y. ; Chen G. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84 (19), 8378.
8	Li S. ; Li Y. ; Zhu J. ; Fan L. ; Li X. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86 (20), 10201.
9	Zhang L. ; Zhang Z. Y. ; Liang R. P. ; Li Y. H. ; Qiu J. D. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86 (9), 4423.
10	Ding H. ; Yu S. B. ; Wei J. S. ; Xiong H. M. ACS Nano 2016, 10 (1), 484.
11	Lu S. ; Sui L. ; Liu J. ; Zhu S. ; Chen A. ; Jin M. ; Yang B. Adv Mater. 2017, 29
12	Zheng X. T. ; Than A. ; Ananthanaraya A. ; Kim D. H. ; Chen P. ACS Nano 2013, 7 (7), 6278.
13	Zhu S. ; Meng Q. ; Wang L. ; Zhang J. ; Song Y. ; Jin H. ; Zhang K. ; Sun H. ; Wang H. ; Yang B. Angew. Chem. -Int. Ed. 2013, 125 (14), 3953.
14	Fan Z. ; Zhou S. ; Garcia C. ; Fan L. ; Zhou J. Nanoscale 2017, 9 (15), 4928.
15	Liu Y. ; Zhou S. ; Fan L. ; Fan H. Microchim. Acta 2016, 183 (9), 1.
16	Yuan F. ; Ding L. ; Li Y. ; Li X. ; Fan L. ; Zhou S. ; Fang D. ; Yang S. Nanoscale 2015, 7 (27), 11727.
17	Kwon W. ; Kim Y. H. ; Lee C. L. ; Lee M. ; Choi H. C. ; Lee T. W. ; Rhee S. W. Nano Lett. 2014, 14 (3), 1306.
18	Li X. ; Liu Y. ; Song X. ; Wang H. ; Gu H. ; Zeng H. Angew. Chem. -Int. Ed. 2015, 54 (6), 1759.
19	Li X. ; Rui M. ; Song J. ; Shen Z. ; Zeng H. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25 (31), 4929.
20	Sun M. ; Qu S. ; Hao Z. ; Ji W. ; Jing P. ; Zhang H. ; Zhang L. ; Zhao J. ; Shen D. Nanoscale 2014, 6 (21), 13076.
21	Gao P. ; Ding K. ; Wang Y. ; Ruan K. ; Diao S. ; Zhang Q. ; Sun B. ; Jie J. J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118 (10), 5164.
22	Kwon W. ; Lee G. ; Do S. ; Joo T. ; Rhee S. W. Small 2014, 10 (3), 506.
23	Mirtchev P. ; Henderson E. J. ; Soheilnia N. ; Yip C. M. ; Ozin G. A. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 22 (4), 1265.
24	Yan X. ; Cui X. ; Li B. ; Li L. S. Nano Lett. 2010, 10 (5), 1869.
25	Xie C. ; Nie B. ; Zeng L. ; Liang F. X. ; Wang M. Z. ; Luo L. ; Feng M. ; Yu Y. ; Wu C. Y. ; Wu Y. ACS Nano 2014, (4), 4015.
26	Zhang Q. ; Jie J. ; Diao S. ; Shao Z. ; Zhang Q. ; Wang L. ; Deng W. ; Hu W. ; Xia H. ; Yuan X. ACS Nano 2015, 9 (2), 1561.
27	Liu J. ; Liu Y. ; Liu N. ; Han Y. ; Zhang X. ; Huang H. ; Lifshitz Y. ; Lee S. T. ; Zhong J. ; Kang Z. Science 2015, 347 (6225), 970.
28	Gupta V. ; Chaudhary N. ; Srivastava R. ; Sharma G. D. ; Bhardwaj R. ; Chand S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133 (26), 9960.
29	Yuan F. ; Wang Z. ; Li X. ; Li Y. ; Tan Z. ; Fan L. ; Yang S. Adv Mater. 2017, 29 (3)
30	Tao H. ; Yang K. ; Ma Z. ; Wan J. ; Zhang Y. ; Kang Z. ; Liu Z. Small 2012, 8 (2), 281.
31	Peng J. ; Gao W. ; Gupta B. K. ; Liu Z. ; Romeroaburto R. ; Ge L. ; Song L. ; Alemany L. B. ; Zhan X. ; Gao G. Nano Lett. 2012, 12 (2), 844.
32	Xu X. ; Ray R. ; Gu Y. ; Ploehn H. J. ; Gearheart L. ; Raker K. ; Scrivens W. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126 (40), 12736.
33	Sun Y. P. ; Zhou B. ; Lin Y. ; Wang W. ; Fernando K. A. ; Pathak P. ; Meziani M. J. ; Harruff B. A. ; Wang X. ; Wang H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128 (24), 7756.
34	Yuan F. ; Li S. ; Fan Z. ; Meng X. ; Fan L. ; Yang S. Nano Today 2016, 11 (5), 565.
35	Lu J. ; Yang J. ; Wang J. ; Lim A. ; Wang S. ; Loh K. P. ACS Nano 2009, 3 (8), 2367.
36	Tan X. ; Li Y. ; Li X. ; Zhou S. ; Fan L. ; Yang S. Chem. Commun. 2015, 51 (13), 2544.
37	Zhang M. ; Bai L. ; Shang W. ; Xie W. ; Ma H. ; Fu Y. ; Fang D. ; Sun H. ; Fan L. ; Han M. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22 (15), 7461.
38	Zhao Q. L. ; Zhang Z. L. ; Huang B. H. ; Peng J. ; Zhang M. ; Pang D. W. Chem. Commum. 2008, (41), 5116.
39	Jiang K. ; Sun S. ; Zhang L. ; Lu Y. ; Wu A. ; Cai C. ; Lin H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54 (18), 5360.
40	Pan D. ; Zhang J. ; Li Z. ; Wu C. ; Yan X. ; Wu M. Chem. Commum. 2010, 46 (21), 3681.
41	Xiu Y. ; Gao Q. ; Li G. D. ; Wang K. X. ; Chen J. S. Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49 (13), 5859.
42	Eda G. ; Lin Y. Y. ; Mattevi C. ; Yamaguchi H. ; Chen H. A. ; Chen I. S. ; Chen C. W. ; Chhowalla M. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22 (4), 505.
43	Zhu H. ; Yang X. Chem. Commum. 2009, 5118
44	Wang Z. ; Yuan F. ; Li X. ; Li Y. ; Zhong H. ; Fan L. ; Yang S. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29 (37), 1702910.
45	Liu R. ; Wu. D. ; Feng. X. ; Mullen K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133 (39)
46	Sk M. A. ; Ananthanarayanan A. ; Huang L. ; Lim K. H. ; Chen P. J. Mater. Chem. C 2014, 2 (34), 6954.
47	Shen J. ; Zhu Y. ; Chen C. ; Yang X. ; Li C. Chem. Commum. 2011, 47 (9), 2580.
48	Bao L. ; Liu C. ; Zhang Z. L. ; Pang D. W. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27 (10), 1663.
49	Bao L. ; Zhang Z. L. ; Tian Z. Q. ; Zhang L. ; Liu C. ; Lin Y. ; Qi B. ; Pang D. W. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23 (48), 5801.
50	Chien C. T. ; Li S. S. ; Lai W. J. ; Yeh Y. C. ; Chen H. A. ; Chen I. S. ; Chen L. C. ; Chen K. H. ; Nemoto T. ; Isoda S. Angew. Chem. -Int. Ed. 2012, 51 (27), 6662.
51	Hu S. ; Trinchi A. ; Atkin P. ; Cole I. Angew. Chem. -Int. Ed. 2015, 54 (10), 2970.
52	Loh K. P. ; Bao Q. ; Eda G. ; Chhowalla M. Nat. Chem. 2010, 2 (12), 1015.
53	Wang X. ; Cao L. ; Yang S. T. ; Lu F. ; Meziani M. J. ; Tian L. ; Sun K. W. ; Bloodgood M. A. ; Sun Y. P. Angew. Chem. -Int. Ed. 2010, 122 (31), 5438.
54	Fan Z. ; Li Y. ; Li X. ; Fan L. ; Zhou S. ; Fang D. ; Yang S. Carbon 2014, 70 (4), 149.
55	Liu Q. ; Guo B. ; Rao Z. ; Zhang B. ; Gong J. R. Nano Lett. 2013, 13 (6), 2436.
56	Zhu S. ; Zhang J. ; Tang S. ; Qiao C. ; Wang L. ; Wang H. ; Liu X. ; Li B. ; Li Y. ; Yu W. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22 (22), 4732.
57	Zong J. ; Zhu Y. ; Yang X. ; Shen J. ; Li C. Chem. Commum. 2011, 47 (2), 764.
58	Lee C. ; Lim J. ; Wan K. B. Nano Lett. 2012, 12 (5), 2362.
59	Sun Q. ; Wang Y. A. ; Li L. S. ; Wang D. ; Zhu T. ; Xu J. ; Yang C. ; Li Y. Nat. Photon. 2007, 1 (12), 717.
60	Feng X. T. ; Zhang F. ; Wang Y. L. ; Zhang Y. ; Yang Y. Z. ; Liu X. G. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2015, 107 (21), 3076.
61	Mao L. H. ; Tang W. Q. ; Deng Z. Y. ; Liu S. S. ; Wang C. F. ; Chen S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2014, 53 (15), 6417.
62	Chen L. ; Wei J. ; Zhang C. ; Du Z. ; Li H. ; Zou W. RSC. Adv. 2014, 4 (93), 51084.
63	Sarswat P. K. ; Free M. L. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17 (41), 27642.
64	Zhang W. ; Yu S. F. ; Fei L. ; Jin L. ; Pan S. ; Lin P. Carbon 2015, 85, 344.
65	Tang L. ; Ji R. ; Li X. ; Bai G. ; Liu C. P. ; Hao J. ; Lin J. ; Jiang H. ; Teng K. S. ; Yang Z. ACS Nano 2014, 8 (6), 6312.
66	Chen Q. L. ; Tang W. Q. ; Wang C. F. ; Chen S. Appl. Phys. A 2014, 117 (3), 1583.
67	Sun C. ; Zhang Y. ; Wang Y. ; Liu W. ; Kalytchuk S. ; Kershaw S. V. ; Zhang T. ; Zhang X. ; Zhao J. ; Yu W. W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 104 (26), 1577.
68	Sun C. ; Zhang Y. ; Sun K. ; Reckmeier C. ; Zhang T. ; Zhang X. ; Zhao J. ; Wu C. ; Yu W. W. ; Rogach A. L. Nanoscale 2015, 7 (28), 12045.
69	Chen Y. ; Zheng M. ; Xiao Y. ; Dong H. ; Zhang H. ; Zhuang J. ; Hu H. ; Lei B. ; Liu Y. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28 (2), 312.
70	He J. ; He Y. ; Chen Y. ; Lei B. ; Zhuang J. ; Xiao Y. ; Liang Y. ; Zheng M. ; Zhang H. ; Liu Y. Small 2017, 13 (26)
71	Hu S. ; Ding Y. ; Chang Q. ; Trinchi A. ; Lin K. ; Yang J. ; Liu J. Nanoscale 2015, 7 (10), 4372.
72	Shen C. ; Wang J. ; Cao Y. ; Lu Y. J. Mater. Chem. C 2015, 3 (26), 6668.
73	Zheng J. ; Wang Y. ; Zhang F. ; Yang Y. ; Liu X. ; Guo K. ; Wang H. ; Xu B. J. Mater. Chem.C 2017, 5 (32), 8105.
74	Zhang X. ; Zhang Y. ; Wang Y. ; Kalytchuk S. ; Kershaw S. V. ; Wang Y. ; Wang P. ; Zhang T. ; Zhao Y. ; Zhang H. ACS Nano 2013, 7 (12), 11234.
75	Kyu K. J. ; Bae S. ; Yi Y. ; Jin P. M. ; Jin K. S. ; Myoung N. ; Lee C. L. ; Hee H. B. ; Hyeok P. J. Sci.Rep. 2015, 5, 11032.
76	Huang J. J. ; Zhong Z. F. ; Rong M. Z. ; Zhou X. ; Chen X. D. ; Zhang M. Q. Carbon 2014, 70 (2), 190.
77	Wu F. ; Cui Q. ; Qiu Z. ; Liu C. ; Zhang H. ; Shen W. ; Wang M. ACS Appl. Mater.Interfaces 2013, 5 (8), 3246.
78	Zhu Z. ; Ma J. ; Wang Z. ; Mu C. ; Fan Z. ; Du L. ; Bai Y. ; Fan L. ; Yan H. ; Phillips D. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136 (10), 3760.
79	Zhang R. J. ; Zhao Min ; Wang Z. Q. ; Wang Z. T ; Zhao Bo ; Miao. Y. Q. ; Zhou Y. J. ; Wang H. ; Hao Y. Y. ; Chen G. ; Zhu F. R. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10 (5), 4895.
80	Chang O. K. ; Hwang S. W. ; Kim S. ; Dong H. S. ; Kang S. S. ; Kim J. M. ; Chan W. J. ; Ju H. K. ; Lee K. W. ; Choi S. H. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5603.

[1]	Shiyi Chen, Jialong Fu, Jianping Qiu, Guoju Chang, Shiyou Hao. Waste medical mask-derived carbon quantum dots enhance the photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) over BiOBr/g-C₃N₄ S-scheme heterojunction [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2026, 42(1): 100135-.
[2]	Chengxiao Zhao, Zhaolin Li, Dongfang Wu, Xiaofei Yang. SBA-15 templated covalent triazine frameworks for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2026, 42(1): 100149-.
[3]	Ying Liang, Yuheng Deng, Shilv Yu, Jiahao Cheng, Jiawei Song, Jun Yao, Yichen Yang, Wanlei Zhang, Wenjing Zhou, Xin Zhang, Wenjian Shen, Guijie Liang, Bin Li, Yong Peng, Run Hu, Wangnan Li. Machine learning-guided antireflection coatings architectures and interface modification for synergistically optimizing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(9): 100098-.
[4]	Qi Wu, Changhua Wang, Yingying Li, Xintong Zhang. Enhanced photocatalytic synthesis of H₂O₂ by triplet electron transfer at g-C₃N₄@BN van der Waals heterojunction interface [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(9): 100107-.
[5]	Fengying Zhang, Yanglin Mei, Yuman Jiang, Shenshen Zheng, Kaibo Zheng, Ying Zhou. Research progress of transient absorption spectroscopy in solar energy conversion and utilization [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(9): 100118-.
[6]	Liangliang Song, Haoyan Liang, Shunqing Li, Bao Qiu, Zhaoping Liu. Challenges and strategies on high-manganese Li-rich layered oxide cathodes for ultrahigh-energy-density batteries [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(8): 100085-.
[7]	Yihan Xue, Xue Han, Jie Zhang, Xiaoru Wen. Efficient capacitive desalination over NCQDs decorated FeOOH composite [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(7): 100072-.
[8]	Yao Ma, Xin Zhao, Hongxu Chen, Wei Wei, Liang Shen. Progress and Perspective of Perovskite Thin Single Crystal Photodetectors [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(4): 100030-.
[9]	Yuhang Zhang, Weiwei Zhao, Hongwei Liu, Junpeng Lü. Progress on Self-Powered Photodetectors Based on Low-Dimensional Materials [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(3): 100020-.
[10]	Pengyu Dong, Yue Jiang, Zhengchi Yang, Licheng Liu, Gu Li, Xinyang Wen, Zhen Wang, Xinbo Shi, Guofu Zhou, Jun-Ming Liu, Jinwei Gao. NbSe₂ Nanosheets Improved the Buried Interface for Perovskite Solar Cells [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(3): 100029-.
[11]	Mengfei He, Chao Chen, Yue Tang, Si Meng, Zunfa Wang, Liyu Wang, Jiabao Xing, Xinyu Zhang, Jiahui Huang, Jiangbo Lu, Hongmei Jing, Xiangyu Liu, Hua Xu. Epitaxial Growth of Nonlayered 2D MnTe Nanosheets with Thickness-Tunable Conduction for p-Type Field Effect Transistor and Superior Contact Electrode [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(2): 100016-.
[12]	Xinghai Li, Zhisen Wu, Lijing Zhang, Shengyang Tao. Machine Learning Enables the Prediction of Amide Bond Synthesis Based on Small Datasets [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(2): 100010-.
[13]	Haotong Ma, Mingyu Heng, Yang Xu, Wei Bi, Yingchun Miao, Shuning Xiao. Synergistic carbon doping and Cu loading on boron nitride via microwave synthesis for enhanced atmospheric CO₂ photoreduction [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(11): 100132-.
[14]	Shumin Zhang, Yaqi Wang, Zelin Wang, Libo Wang, Changsheng An, Difa Xu. Ultrafast electron transfer at the ZIS_1−x/UCN S-scheme interface enables efficient H₂O₂ photosynthesis coupled with tetracycline degradation [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(11): 100136-.
[15]	Qishen Wang, Changzhao Chen, Mengqing Li, Lingmin Wu, Kai Dai. Lignin derived carbon quantum dots and oxygen vacancies coregulated S-scheme LCQDs/Bi₂WO₆ heterojunction for photocatalytic H₂O₂ production [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2025, 41(11): 100147-.

Growing Carbon Quantum Dots for Optoelectronic Devices

RichHTML

PDF

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Recommended 0