Fig 1

(a) Schematic diagram of energy levels of electrodes and electrolytes of LMB 16; (b) the decomposition path differences between EC and FEC solvents 17. (a) Adapted with permission from Ref. 16, copyright 2017 Royal Society of Chemistry publisher; (b) Adapted with permission from Ref. 17, copyright 2020 American Chemical Society."

Fig 2

(a–c) Solvation structure diagram and (d) performance comparison of conventional electrolyte, HCE and LHCE 40. Adapted with permission from Ref. 40, copyright 2019 Springer Nature publisher."

Fig 3

Schematic diagram of diluent molecules."

Table 1

Localized high-concentration electrolytes formula and the battery performance."

Fig 4

(a) Physicochemical properties of LiFSI/DMC/TTE in different proportions 56; (b) curves of dielectric constant as a function of diluent ratio 58; (c) binding energy and dielectric constant of different solvents with Li+ 59; (d, e) conductivity and magnetic susceptibility of electrolyte vary with temperature 54. (a) Adapted with permission from Ref. 56, copyright 2019 John Wiley and Sons Publisher; (b) adapted with permission from Ref. 58, copyright 2021 John Wiley and Sons Publisher; (c) adapted with permission from Ref. 59, copyright 2021 John Wiley and Sons publisher; (d, e) Adapted with permission from Ref. 54, copyright 2019 Springer Nature publisher."

Fig 5

(a, b) Raman spectra and NMR-17O data of LiFSI/DME /TFEO electrolyte in different proportions 30; (c) thinner divides the AGG structure into CIP schematic 62; (d) schematic diagram of solvation structure of LHCE 51; (e) structure of HCE and LHCE electrolyte under theoretical simulation 64. (a, b) Adapted with permission from Ref. 30, copyright 2021 Elsevier publisher; (c) adapted with permission from Ref. 62, copyright 2022 American Chemical Society; (d) adapted with permission from Ref. 51, copyright 2019 Elsevier publisher; (e) adapted with permission from Ref. 64, copyright 2020 American Chemical Society."

Fig 6

(a) Diluents involved in SEI construction confirmed by XPS 50; (b) TEM image and XPS of the Li||NMC811 in LiFSI/DME and LiFSI/DME/TTE after 50 cycles 51. (a) Adapted with permission from Ref. 50, copyright 2020 Elsevier publisher; (b) adapted with permission from Ref. 51, copyright 2019 Elsevier publisher."

Table 2

Partially fluorinated solvent electrolytes formula and battery performance."

Fig 7

Molecular structure of partially fluorinated solvents."

Fig 8

(a) Diagram of Li-F interaction in FDMB 22; (b) theoretically optimized structures of ligands of LiFSI/DME and LiFSI/FDMB systems Li+ 22; (c, d) performance and impedance of LiFSI/6FDMH-DME series electrolytes 75; (e) structure-activity relationships of DME-FTEG molecular 76; (f) synthesis methods of DME-FTEG series moleculars 76. (a, b) Adapted with permission from Ref.22, copyright 2020 Springer Nature publisher; (c, d) adapted with permission from Ref. 75, copyright 2021 John Wiley and Sons publisher; (e, f) adapted with permission from Ref. 76, copyright 2020 American Chemical Society."

Fig 9

(a) ―CF3 group and ―CHF2 group in FXDEE series molecules; (b, c) Li|Cu half-cell performance and oxidation stability of FXDEE series electrolytes; (d, e) schematic diagram of the equilibrium relationship between oxidative stability and ability to dissolve salts in electrolytes 23. Adapted with permission from Ref. 23, copyright 2022 Springer Nature publisher."

Fig 10

(a) Molecular structure of fluorinated amide salt and fluorinated amide solvent; (b) schematic diagram of the advantages of DMTMSA electrolyte compared to carbonate electrolyte 37; (c) molecular structures of fluorinated cyclic carbonates and full cell test performance 88. (b) Adapted with permission from Ref. 37, copyright 2021 Springer Nature publisher; (c) adapted with permission from Ref. 88, copyright 2019 Elsevier publisher."