Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 100014.doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309047
• REVIEW • Previous Articles Next Articles
Engineering Multiple Optimization Strategy on Bismuth Oxyhalide Photoactive Materials for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Applications
Pengcheng Yan, Peng Wang, Jing Huang, Zhao Mo*(
), Li Xu, Yun Chen, Yu Zhang, Zhichong Qi, Hui Xu, Henan Li
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
-
Received:2023-09-28Revised:2023-11-08Accepted:2023-11-09Published:2024-01-15 -
Contact:Email: zhaomo@ujs.edu.cn (Zhao Mo) -
Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202086); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22208129); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210774); Jiangsu Province and the Ministry of Education CoSponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment(XTCX2029)
Cite this article
Pengcheng Yan, Peng Wang, Jing Huang, Zhao Mo, Li Xu, Yun Chen, Yu Zhang, Zhichong Qi, Hui Xu, Henan Li. Engineering Multiple Optimization Strategy on Bismuth Oxyhalide Photoactive Materials for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Applications[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2025, 41(2), 100014. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309047
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Fig 1
Schematic of the instrument composition and principle of PEC technique."
Fig 1
Fig 2
(a) Crystal structure and (b) band positions of BiOX (X = Cl, Br, Ⅰ)."
Fig 2
Fig 3
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of BiOX 1D nanobelts (a); SEM images of BiOX: 1D nanoribbons (b), 1D nanofibers (c), 2D nanosheets (d), 2D nanoplates (e), 3D microspheres (f), 3D hollow microspheres (g) and 3D nanoflowers (h). (a) Adapted from Wiley Publication publisher 29. (b–f, h) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 30, 31, 33-35, 37. (g) Adapted from Royal Society of Chemistry publication publisher 36."
Fig 3
Fig 4
(a) Relationship between OV concentration and structure of metal oxides; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra (b) and band structure (c) of OV functioned BiOCl; (d) scheme of band structures and (001) surfaces (e), current curves (f), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra (g) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) spectra (h) of BiOI and BiOI1−x. (a–c) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 77. (d–h) Adapted from ACS Publication publisher 81."
Fig 4
Fig 5
CB and VB positions of the BixOyXz materials vs. normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) at pH = 7."
Fig 5
Fig 6
The types of heterojunctions: (a) Type Ⅰ, (b) Type Ⅱ, (c) Type Ⅲ, (d) direct Z-type, (e) indirect Z-type and (f) S-scheme heterojunctions."
Fig 6
Fig 7
(a) Photocurrent density and (c) DRS spectra of BiOCl, BiOCl-Ag-S and BiOCl-Ag-E; (b) Schematic illustration of SPR-induced charge transfer mechanism in BiOCl-Ag-E; (d) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and (g) Photocurrent responses of the Bi/BiOBr and BiOBr; (e) DRS spectra, (f) TEM image and (h) PEC mechanism of Bi/BiOBr. (a–c) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 158. (d–h) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 160."
Fig 7
Fig 8
(a) Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism of BiOI/Ru(bpy)32+; (b) DRS spectra and (c) Photocurrent of BiOI (a) and BiOI/Ru(bpy) 32+; (d) Photocatalytic mechanism of CQDs/BiOBr; (e) DRS spectra and (f) Transient photocurrent of the CQDs/BiOBr samples and BiOBr. (a–c) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 168. (d–f) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 170."
Fig 8
Fig 9
(a) Photocurrent of each electrode; (b) Photocurrent at CN/BiOBr/ITO electrode towards different TC concentrations; (c) Linear calibration curve; (d) Influence of interfering substances on the sensor; (e) Stability; (f) Photocurrent generation mechanism of CN/BiOBr/ITO electrode for monitoring TC; (g) Mechanism of BiPO4/BiOCl heterojunction-based 4-CP sensor; (h) High resolution (HR)-TEM image; (i) Photocurrent of each electrode; (j) Stability; (k) Photocurrent of BiPO4/BiOCl/ITO in the presence of 4-CP; (l) Influence of interfering substances on the sensor; (m) Calibration curve; (n) The detection of 4-CP in real water samples by the sensor. (a–f) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 56. (g–n) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 176."
Fig 9
Table 1
Summary of signal-on PEC sensors based on BiOX materials."
| PEC Sensor | Analyte | Detection limit | Detection range | Date | Reference |
| BiOI/Bi2S3 | Hg2+ | 0.2–3.0 μmol·L−1 | 0.7 nmol·L−1 | 2023 | |
| BOB-R | doxycycline | 0.026 μmol·L−1 | 0.1–100 μmol·L−1 | 2023 | |
| TiO2-Au-BiOI | L-Cysteine (Cyst) | 70 nmol·L−1 | 80 nmol·L−1-200 μmol·L−1 | 2023 | |
| TiO2/BiOBr | H2O2 | 5 nmol·L−1 | 10 nmol·L−1–100 μmol·L−1 | 2021 | |
| Au/BiOI | copper(Ⅱ) | 0.4 μmol·L−1 | 1–50 μmol·L−1 | 2021 | |
| BiOBr/Bi2S3 | malathion | 0.12 pg∙mL−1 | 0.001–1000 ng∙mL−1 | 2021 | |
| carbon nitride-modified BiOI | chromium (Ⅵ) | 0.1 µmol·L−1 | 0.5–190 µmol·L−1 | 2021 | |
| Bi/BiPO4/BiOI | levofoxacin | 0.015 μmol·L−1 | 0.2–2 μmol·L−1; 2–7 μmol·L−1 | 2021 | |
| CdS/Bi2S3/BiOCl | alkaline phosphatase | 0.06 U∙L−1 | 0.1–4000 U∙L−1 | 2021 | |
| BiOBr-TNTA | glucose | 10 nmol·L−1 | 5 × 102–3 × 107 nmol·L−1 | 2020 | |
| MoS2 modified BiOI | chromium (Ⅵ) | 0.01 μmol·L−1 | 0.05–160 μmol·L−1 | 2020 | |
| Carbon Nanotubes/BiPO4/BiOI | salicylic acid | 0.55 μmol·L−1 | 1–320 μmol·L−1; 480–3840 μmol·L−1 | 2020 | |
| Bi/BiOI | chromium (Ⅵ) | 0.3 μmol·L−1 | 1–230 μmol·L−1 | 2019 | |
| NGQDs/BiOBr | paracetamol | 3.33 nmol·L−1 | 0.01–20.0 μmol·L−1 | 2019 | |
| Bi2S3/BiOCl | sulfate-reducing bacteria | 29 cfu∙mL−1 | 102–106 cfu∙mL−1 | 2018 | |
| BiPO4/BiOCl/g-C3N4 | dopamine | 0.023 μmol·L−1 | 0.05–10 μmol·L−1 | 2016 | |
| N-GQDs/BiOBr nanohybrids | glutathione | 1.7 µmol·L−1 | 5–800 µmol·L−1 | 2016 | |
| molecularly imprinted polymer/ BiOI nanoflake | 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | 0.04 ng∙mL−1 | 0.1–10.0 ng∙mL−1; 20.0–900.0 ng∙ mL−1 | 2014 | |
| BiOCl/TiO2 NTAs | glucose | 5.7 μmol·L−1 | 0–1300 μmol·L−1 | 2014 |
Table 1
Fig 10
(a) Mechanism and (b) Photocurrent of the Bi/BiOI/ITO-based sensor towards phenol; (c) Calibration curve; (d) Effect of different contaminants on the sensor; (e) Schematic mechanism of NFGQDs/3DBiOI HHMs-based chlorpyrifos sensor; (f) Mechanism of PEC Cu2+ sensor based on Z-scheme BiOI-CdS. (a–d) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 200. (e) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 57. (f) Adapted from Royal Society of Chemistry publication publisher 205."
Fig 10
Table 2
Summary of signal-off PEC sensors based on BiOX materials."
| PEC Sensor | Analyte | Detection limit | Detection range | Date | Reference |
| BiOI/Ti3C2TX | glucose | 0.02 μmol∙L−1 | 0.03–1500 μmol∙L−1 | 2022 | |
| TiO2@C/Au/3D BiOI | Cr (Ⅵ) | 6 nmol∙L−1 | 10 nmol∙L−1–200 μmol∙L−1 | 2023 | |
| BiOBrxI1–x/Ti3C2 | Hg2+ | 0.0421 nmol∙L−1 | 0.1–1000 nmol∙L−1 | 2022 | |
| 3D flower-shaped BiOI | norfloxacin | 0.04 nmol∙L−1 | 0.1–1000 nmol∙L−1 | 2021 | |
| AuNPs/g-C3N4/BiOCl0.5Br0.5 | 2-Chloroethyl Phosphoric Acid | 0.0069 μmol∙L−1 | 20.00 nmol∙L−1–63.00 μmol∙L−1 | 2021 | |
| BiOI/Ti3C2 | l-Cysteine | 0.005 nmol∙L−1 | 0.01 nmol∙L−1–10 μmol∙L−1 | 2021 | |
| BiOBr nanosheets | doxycycline | 0.14 μmol∙L−1 | 0.50 μmol∙L−1 | 2020 | |
| Molecularly imprinted polymer functionalized BiOBr | chloramphenicol | 3.02 pg∙mL−1 | 1.00 × 10−2–1.00×103 ng∙mL−1 | 2020 | |
| Cu2O-BiOI | H2O2 | 0.44 µmol∙L−1 | 1.99 µmol∙L−1–17.54 mmol∙L−1 | 2020 | |
| BiPO4/BiOI | ciprofloxacin | 8.3 ng∙mL−1 | 80–7440 ng∙mL−1 | 2019 | |
| AuNPs/BiOI/304SS | escherichia coli | 46 cfu∙mL−1 | 102–106 cfu∙mL−1 | 2018 | |
| MIP@BiOINFs/SPE | perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride | 0.01 ppb | 0.05–500.0 ppb | 2018 | |
| g-CN/BiOCl | ciprofloxacin | 0.2 ng∙mL−1 | 0.5–1840 ng∙mL−1 | 2016 | |
| Molecularly imprinted polymer modified AgI-BiOI | perfluorooctanic acid | 0.01 ppb | 0.02–1000.0 ppb | 2015 |
Table 2
Fig 11
(a) XPS spectra of Mn 2p in MnV-MnO2/BiOCl; (b) Schematic representation of the PEC Lin aptasensor based on MnV-MnO2/BiOCl/ITO; (c) DRS spectra of BiOCl, MnV-MnO2 and MnV-MnO2/BiOCl; (d) PEC responses of different electrodes; (e) Photocurrent responses of the aptasensor at of Lin; (f) Calibration curve; (g) Schematic mechanism of the cathodic PEC aptasensor; (h) Schematic mechanism of the dual-enhancement aptasensor. (a–f) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 227. (g) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 236. (h) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 237."
Fig 11
Fig 12
(a) Mechanism of the PEC biosensor for detecting HAT; (b) Calibration curve; (c) Photocurrent of the PEC biosensor for detecting acetamiprid; (d) Assembly of the PEC acetamiprid biosensor. (a, b) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 242. (c, d) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 243."
Fig 12
Fig 13
(a) Schematic mechanism of Au@WP5/PANI-BiOBr immunosensor; (b) Construction and (c) mechanism of BiOI/Bi2S3/Ag2S sensor; (d) Preparation, (e) mechanism and (f) Photocurrent responses of dual-photoelectrode PEC immunosensor. (a) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 247. (b, c) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 274. (d–f) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 291."
Fig 13
Table 3
BiOX-based electrode applied in the field of photoelectrocatalysis."
| Photoelectrode | Light | Pollutants | Time (h) | Activity (%) | Date | Reference |
| FCN/BiOI | visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm) | methyl red | 1.5 | 97.91 | 2023 | |
| BiOCl/ZnS-VZn+O | 300 W Xe lamp | norfloxacin | 0.83 | 97.9 | 2023 | |
| Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55/BiOI | LED light | TC | 1.5 | 90.1 | 2023 | |
| BiOI-decorated Bi12SiO20 | 300 W Xe lamp | bisphenol A | 1 | 83 | 2023 | |
| BiOI/BiOBr | 300 W Xe lamp | TC | 1.5 | 91.92 | 2023 | |
| BiOI/graphene Hydrogel | visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm) | phenol | 5 | 83 | 2022 | |
| CuO/BiOCl | PEAC 200A PEC reaction instrument | aflatoxin B1 | 3 | 81.7 | 2022 | |
| rGO/BiOBr/TiO2 nanotube arrays | 300 W Xe lamp | p-chloronitrobenzene | 8 | 70.1 | 2022 | |
| rGO/BiOBr/TiO2 nanotube arrays | 300 W Xe lamp | p-chloronitrobenzene | 6 | 75.2 | 2022 | |
| BiOX-TiO2 | 500 W Xe lamp | RhB | 1 | 86.1 | 2022 | |
| BiOI/Carbon aerogel | 500 W Xe lamp | phenol | 2 | 83.2 | 2022 | |
| Ag-BiVO4/BiOI anode and Ag-BiOI cathode | 100 W Xe lamp | diclofenac sodium | 2 | 92 | 2022 | |
| BiOI/MnO2 | 100 W Xe lamp | TC hydrochloride | 2 | 92 | 2022 | |
| BiOBr/TiO2 nanotube arrays | 300 W Xe lamp | p-chloronitrobenzene | 6 | 71.96 | 2021 | |
| TiO2 NTs/B2S3-BiOBr | 500 W Xe lamp | methylene blue (MB) | 2 | 90.53 | 2020 | |
| BiOBr nanosheet arrays | 500 W Xe lamp | ciprofloxacin | 3 | 91.4 | 2020 | |
| rGO/BiOI/rGO | 300 W Xe lamp | RhB | 5 | 80 | 2020 | |
| CdS/BiOI/WO3 | visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm) | MB | 2 | 98.3 | 2020 | |
| BiOI/WO3 | 500 mW∙cm−2 visible light | MB | 2 | 86.7 | 2019 | |
| g-C3N4/BiOI/EG | 300 W compact Xe lamp | sulfamethoxazole | 3 | 52 | 2019 | |
| TiO2 NTs/AgBr/BiOBr | 500 W Xe lamp (CEL-S500) | MB methyl orange (MO) RhB | 2 3 3 | 93 92.15 98.36 | 2019 | |
| 2D BiOI nanosheet/1DBiPO4 nanorod | 500 W Xe lamp | TC | 4 | 85 | 2019 | |
| 2D/1D BiOBr/TiO2−x nanotubes | 300W Xe lamp | RhB | 1.67 | 60 | 2018 | |
| CuI/BiOI | 300 W Xe lamp | MB | 2 | 87 | 2017 | |
| 3D Bi2O3-BiOI | 500 W Xe lamp | phenol | 3 | 80 | 2017 | |
| ZnO/BiOBr | 300 W Xe lamp | RhB | 1.67 | 95.4 | 2016 | |
| BiOI Nanoplate-Zinc Oxide Nanorod | 300 W Xe lamp | Congo red | 2 | 93.66 | 2015 | |
| BiOI/TiO2 nanotube arrays | 300 W Xe lamp | MO | 3 | 91 | 2014 | |
| BiOI/TiO2 Nanotube | 300 W Xe lamp | MO | 2.67 | 92 | 2011 |
Table 3
Fig 14
(a) Mechanism and (b) PEC degradation of p-CNB by BiOBr/TNAs; (c) Prepartion of Bi/BiOI-Bi2O3 film electrode; (d) Mechanism for the PEC removal of phenol and Cr(Ⅵ) (left), charge separation process (middle); Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) (upper right) and simultaneous removal of phenol and Cr(Ⅵ) (lower right). (a, b) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 271. (c, d) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 288."
Fig 14
Fig 15
(a) Mechanism of PEC decomposition of water by a semiconductor; Schematic diagram of semiconductor PEC water decomposition: (b) n-type photoanode, (c) p-type photocathode and (d) unassisted PEC cell; (e) Schematic of the Bi2WO6/BiOBr photoanode under ultrasonic vibrations applied in PEC water splitting; (f) Schematic PEC mechanism of the undoped and Nd-doped g-C3N4. (e) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 298. (f) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 299."
Fig 15
Fig 16
The process (a) and mechanism (b) for PEC N2 fixation; N2 reduction device (c) and production rate of NH3 (d). (a–d) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 301."
Fig 16
Fig 17
(a) Mechanism for Bi2WO6/BiOCl-based PEC cell with heterojunction; (b) Mechanism of the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of TC coupled with the reduction of CO2. (a) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 128. (b) Adapted from ACS Publication publisher 302."
Fig 17
Fig 18
(a) Mechanism of PFCS; (b) Mechanism of the photoassisted self-powered MC-LR sensor. (a) Adapted from Elsevier Publication publisher 309. (b) Adapted from ACS Publication publisher 310."
Fig 18
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