全固态钠离子电池硫系化合物电解质

doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB201905009

Abstract

Abstract:

All-solid-state sodium ion batteries (ASIBs) are important for future large-scale energy storage applications. ASIBs have come to occupy an important position in research on advanced secondary batteries in recent years owing to their advantages of abundance in resources, low cost, long lifetime, and high safety. As the key to the success of ASIBs, solid-state electrolytes such as polymers, oxide ceramics, and sulfide glass-ceramics have always attracted immense interest. Chalcogenide electrolytes for ASIBs have high room-temperature conductivity, high elastic modulus, and can be easily pressed into a mold at room temperature; hence, they are the research focus in ASIBs. This paper summarized recent studies on the structure and properties of chalcogenide electrolytes for ASIBs. These studies demonstrate the relationship between the phase structure and ionic conductivity of sulfide-based electrolytes and selenide-based electrolytes. Besides, arguments that the sodium vacancy in the crystal structure dominates ionic conduction, and creating a sodium vacancy via cation substitution is the principal strategy to increasing ionic conduction, are discussed. Further, the intrinsic chemical stability and interface stability between the electrode and electrolyte are highlighted. Based on the soft and hard acid and base theory, some studies adopted various anion/cation ion substitution strategies to improve the chemical stability of chalcogenide electrolytes in humid air. Particularly, the inconsistency in the electrochemical stability window of a representative chalcogenide electrode, Na₃PS₄, as measured by a semi-blocking electrode and calculated by first-principles, is compared. Additionally, to develop all-solid-state Na-S and Na-O₂ batteries with high capacity, the nonnegligible interface instability of the sulfide electrode against the sodium metal anode and feasible solutions are summarized. Next, the research progress on ASIBs using chalcogenide electrolytes is reviewed. Chalcogenide electrolytes are restricted by the electrochemical stability window and chemical compatibility with electrode materials; hence, they are expected to only be applicable to ASIBs using sulfur, sulfide, and organic matter as the cathode and Na-Sn alloy as the anode. However, these ASIBs have long cycling life (> 500 cycles), illustrating their potential applications in large-scale energy storage power stations. Finally, we comprehensively evaluate the ionic conductivity, stability against humid air, stability of the interface, electrochemical stability window, and ease of preparation of typical chalcogenide electrolytes, including Na₃PS₄, Na₃PSe₄, Na₃SbS₄, Na₃SbSe₄, Na₁₀SnPS₁₂, and Na₁₁Sn₂PS₁₂. Moreover, we highlight the challenges and propose possible solutions toward the development of chalcogenide electrolytes in future. Advanced technologies in fine synthesis, in situ characterization, and surface/interface modification are essential to overcome existing challenges and promote the development of chalcogenide-electrolyte-based ASIBs.

Key words: All-solid-state sodium ion battery, Chalcogenide electrolyte, Conductivity, Chemical stability, Interface

Guanghai Chen,Ying Bai,Yongsheng Gao,Feng Wu,Chuan Wu. Chalcogenide Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Sodium Ion Batteries[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 2020, 36(5), 1905009. doi: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201905009

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Types	Electrolyte	Structure	Conductivity @RT/(mS·cm^?1)	Activation Energy/eV	Ref.
Na₃MS₄ (M = P, Sb)	Na₃PS₄	Cubic	0.2	0.281	15
	Na₃PS₄	Cubic	0.46	0.198	21
	Na_2.94PS₄ ^[D]	Cubic	170	-	18
	Na₃PS₄	Tetragonal	3.39	0.173	22
	Na₃SbS₄	Cubic	1.05	0.22	35
	Na₃SbS₄	Cubic	2.8	0.061	33
	Na₃SbS₄	Tetragonal	3	0.25	30
	Na₃SbS₄	Tetragonal	1.1	0.2	59
	Na₃SbS₄	Tetragonal	0.1-0.2	0.27-0.35	60
	Na₃SbS₄	Tetragonal	1.77	0.254	33
Doped-Na₃MS₄ (M = P, Sb)	Na_3.125Si_0.125P_0.875S₄ ^[D]	Cubic	2.99	0.241	16
	Na_3.0625Si_0.0625P_0.9375S₄ ^[D]	Cubic	1.66	0.242	16
	Na_3.0625Ge_0.0625P_0.9375S₄^[D]	Cubic	0.54	0.28	16
	Na_3.0625Sn_0.0625P_0.9375S₄^[D]	Cubic	10.7	0.171	16
	Na_2.9375PS_3.9375Cl_0.0625	Tetragonal	1.14	0.249	17
	Na_3.1Ge_0.1P_0.9S₄	Cubic	0.212	0.21	23
	Na_3.1Ti_0.1P_0.9S₄	Cubic	0.23	0.20	23
	Na_3.1Sn_0.1P_0.9S₄	Cubic	0.25	0.18	23
	Na₃P_0.62As_0.38S₄	Tetragonal	1.46	0.256	25
	Na_2.730Ca_0.135PS₄	Cubic	1.4	0.346	61
	Na_4?xSn_1?xSb_xS₄	Tetragonal	0.2-0.5	-	37
	Na₄Sn_0.67Si_0.33S₄	-	0.012	0.56	39
	Na₄[Sn_0.67Si_0.33]_0.75P_0.25S₄	-	1.61	0.26	39
	94Na₃PS₄·6Na₄SiS₄	Cubic	0.74	0.260	28
	71Na₃PS₄?29NaI	Cubic	0.014	-	62
Na₃MSe₄ (M = P, Sb)	Na₃PSe₄	Cubic	1.16	0.21	41
	Na₃PSe₄	Cubic	0.11	0.281	39
	Na₃SbSe₄	Cubic	3.7	0.19	44
Na₇P₃X₁₁ (X = S, Se)	Na₇P₃S₁₁ ^[D]	Triclinic	10.97	0.217	57
Na₇P₃X₁₁ (X = S, Se)	Na₇P₃Se₁₁ ^[D]	Triclinic	12.56	0.213	57
Na₁₀MP₂S₁₂ (M = Si, Ge, Sn)	Na₁₀SiP₂S₁₂ ^[D]	Tetragonal	10.28	0.229	47
	Na₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ ^[D]	Tetragonal	3.5	0.27	47
	Na₁₀SnP₂S₁₂	Tetragonal	0.4	0.356	47
Na₁₁M₂PS₁₂ (M = Si, Ge, Sn)	Na₁₁Sn₂PS₁₂	Tetragonal	3.7	0.383	53
Na₁₁M₂PS₁₂ (M = Si, Ge, Sn)	Na₁₁Sn₂PS₁₂	Tetragonal	1.4	0.25	50
Na₁₁M₂SbS₁₂	Na₁₁Sn₂SbS₁₂	Tetragonal	0.56	0.34	54
Na₁₁M₂PSe₁₂	Na₁₁Sn₂PSe₁₂	Tetragonal	3.04	0.28	56
Others	Na_10.8Sn_1.9PS_11.8	Tetragonal	0.67	0.307	55

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Chalcogenide Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Sodium Ion Batteries

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