物理化学学报 >> 2025, Vol. 41 >> Issue (10): 100112.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100112

综述 上一篇    下一篇

用于电合成过氧化氢的贵金属催化剂和反应器设计

程康娟1, 刘春晓1, 王友鹏1, 江秋1, 郑婷婷1, 李旭1,*(), 夏川1,2,*()   

  1. 1 电子科技大学材料与能源学院, 成都 611731
    2 电子科技大学长江三角洲研究院(湖州), 浙江 湖州 313001
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30 修回日期:2025-05-20 录用日期:2025-06-06 发布日期:2025-09-29
  • 通讯作者: Email: xuli@uestc.edu.cn (李旭)chuan.xia@uestc.edu.cn (夏川)
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计刑(2024YFB4105700); 国家自然科学基金(22322201); 国家自然科学基金(52171201); 国家自然科学基金(22278067); 国家自然科学基金(22201272); 国家自然科学基金(22475030); 四川省中央引导地方科技项目(2024ZYD0152); 四川省科技计划(2024NSFSC1107); 中央高校基本科研业务费(ZYGX2022J012); 电子科技大学启动经费(A1098531023601403)

Design of noble metal catalysts and reactors for the electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide

Kangjuan Cheng1, Chunxiao Liu1, Youpeng Wang1, Qiu Jiang1, Tingting Zheng1, Xu Li1,*(), Chuan Xia1,2,*()   

  1. 1 School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
    2 Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2025-03-30 Revised:2025-05-20 Accepted:2025-06-06 Published:2025-09-29
  • Contact: Email: xuli@uestc.edu.cn (Xu Li)chuan.xia@uestc.edu.cn (Chuan Xia)
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4105700); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22322201); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171201); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278067); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22201272); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22475030); the Central Government Funds of Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development for Sichuan Province(2024ZYD0152); the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024NSFSC1107); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2022J012); the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(A1098531023601403)

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摘要：

过氧化氢(H2O2)是一种应用广泛的绿色氧化剂，但通过传统蒽醌工艺合成过氧化氢既耗能又污染环境。相比之下，两电子氧还原反应(2e− ORR)电化学合成H2O2提供了一种可持续的替代方法，其中贵金属催化剂具有卓越的稳定性和效率，特别是在酸性条件下。然而，要实现工业化应用，仍需在催化剂性能优化和反应器可扩展性设计方面克服诸多挑战。本综述全面分析了用于2e− ORR的贵金属材料和反应器设计的最新进展。我们首先讨论了2e− ORR的基本原理和反应机制，强调了材料设计在优化催化性能方面的作用。贵金属催化剂分为四种类型：纯金属、合金、化合物和单原子催化剂，并根据理论和实验结果对其性能进行了详细评估。综述还探讨了高效、规模化合成H2O2的反应器设计策略，重点关注反应器设计以及催化剂与反应器的集成。最后，我们强调了推进这项技术所面临的挑战和机遇，并对电化学合成H2O2的未来进行展望。

关键词: 两电子氧还原, 电化学合成过氧化氢, 贵金属催化剂, 反应器设计, 固态电解质反应器

Abstract:

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an eco-friendly oxidant vital for chemical synthesis, water treatment, and disinfection. However, the conventional anthraquinone production method is energy-intensive, generates waste, and requires hazardous transport of concentrated H2O2. Electrochemical H2O2 synthesis via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) has emerged as a sustainable alternative, enabling renewable-powered, decentralized production under mild conditions. Noble metal catalysts outperform alternatives in acidic media, demonstrating superior stability and selectivity. Despite these advantages, several technical challenges must be addressed to enable industrial-scale implementation. The primary challenge lies in optimizing catalyst performance to achieve both high activity and selectivity for the 2e− pathway while suppressing the competing 4e− pathway that produces water. This requires precise control of the catalyst's electronic and surface structures. Additionally, the development of cost-effective reactor systems that can maintain high performance at scale presents another significant hurdle. Current research focuses on improving mass transport, current distribution, and product separation while minimizing energy consumption.This review provides a comprehensive examination of recent progress in the 2e− ORR, with particular emphasis on noble metal catalysts and reactor engineering. We begin by discussing the fundamental principles and reaction mechanisms underlying the 2e− ORR, emphasizing the role of material design in optimizing catalytic performance. Noble-metal catalysts are categorized into four types, namely, pure metals, alloys, compounds, and single-atom catalysts, with a critical evaluation of their performance based on theoretical and experimental findings. The second part of the review focuses on reactor design strategies for practical applications. We evaluate reactor designs, including H-cells, flow cells, membrane electrode assemblies, and solid-state electrolyte cells, with a focus on their mass transport and scalability characteristics. Particular emphasis is placed on gas diffusion electrodes for improved oxygen accessibility and innovative in situ product separation methods. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and future directions, including the need for reduced noble metal loading, improved long-term stability, and system integration with renewable energy sources. The review concludes by highlighting the tremendous potential of electrochemical H2O2 production to transform industrial oxidation processes while contributing to the development of sustainable chemical manufacturing.

Key words: Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction, Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, Noble metal catalyst, Reactor design, Solid-state electrolyte reactor