物理化学学报 >> 2026, Vol. 42 >> Issue (9): 100328.doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100328

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三聚氰胺辅助MOFs拓扑定向转化为针状α-MoC/β-Mo2C用于高性能电磁波吸收与耐腐蚀性研究

闫婧1,*(), 张泽楠1, 马东威2, 张昕怡1, 叶卓栋1, 陈雪芳3,*()   

  1. 1 西安工业大学材料与化工学院, 陕西 西安 710021
    2 湖北汽车工业学院汽车材料学院, 湖北 十堰 442002
    3 中国军事科学院防化研究院, 北京 102205
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-12 修回日期:2026-05-17 录用日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-07-03
  • 通讯作者: Email: yanjingyan212@163.com (闫婧)chenxfzns@163.com (陈雪芳)

Melamine-assisted topotactic transformation of MOFs into needle-like α-MoC/β-Mo2C for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption and corrosion resistance

Jing Yan1,*(), Zenan Zhang1, Dongwei Ma2, Xinyi Zhang1, Zhuodong Ye1, Xuefang Chen3,*()   

  1. 1 School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
    2 School of Automotive Materials, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, Hubei Province, China
    3 Chemical Defence Institute, Academy of Military Science, Beijing 102205, China
  • Received:2026-04-12 Revised:2026-05-17 Accepted:2026-05-20 Published:2026-07-03
  • Contact: Email: yanjingyan212@163.com (Jing Yan)chenxfzns@163.com (Xuefang Chen)

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摘要：

随着对宽带、轻质且耐腐蚀的优异电磁波吸收(EWA)材料需求日益增长，碳化钼基复合材料受到广泛关注。然而，单相碳化钼通常存在阻抗匹配不佳和介电损耗可调性受限的问题。本研究报道了一种三聚氰胺辅助的金属有机框架(MOFs)拓扑转化策略，制备出针状α-MoC/β-Mo2C复合材料，兼具高性能EWA特性和耐腐蚀性。该策略中，三聚氰胺作为额外碳/氮源和结构导向剂，在热解过程中其分解释放的气体诱导双金属MOF前驱体(MoZn-BIFs)发生原位形貌重构，显著提升比表面积和孔隙结构，从而增强电磁波衰减与多重反射效应。通过系统优化前驱体与三聚氰胺质量比1:1及热解温度700 ℃，获得最优α-MoC/β-Mo2C复合材料(记为MoC/Mo2C-M11T700)。该材料具有独特的针状三维导电网络和丰富的多相界面，可有效促进界面极化与介电损耗。值得注意的是，在仅30 wt%填料负载和2.025 mm匹配厚度下，MoC/Mo2C-M11T700实现-63.61 dB的最小反射损耗，其1–4 mm厚度范围内的总有效吸收带宽达12.61 GHz (覆盖5.39–18 GHz)，展现出卓越的宽带EWA性能。此外，材料还表现出良好的耐腐蚀性。本研究阐明了双相异质结构的形成机制及其对电磁参数的影响规律，为开发高性能、多功能碳化钼基吸波材料提供了可控的制备途径。

关键词: α-MoC/β-Mo2C, 拓扑定向转化, 电磁波吸收, 耐腐蚀性

Abstract:

The growing demand for superior electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials with broad bandwidth, lightweight, as well as corrosion resistance has driven interest in molybdenum carbide-based composites. However, single-phase molybdenum carbides typically exhibit unsatisfactory impedance matching and restricted tunability of dielectric loss. Herein, we report a melamine-assisted topotactic transformation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into needle-like α-MoC/β-Mo2C composites for high-performance EWA and corrosion resistance. In this strategy, melamine serves as an additional carbon/nitrogen source and structure-directing agent. During pyrolysis, the gases released from melamine decomposition induce an in situ morphological reconstruction of the bimetallic MOF (MoZn-BIFs) precursor, significantly improving specific surface area and pore architecture, which promotes attenuation of electromagnetic waves and multiple reflections. By systematically optimizing the precursor-to-melamine mass ratio and pyrolysis temperature, we obtain the optimized α-MoC/β-Mo2C composite (denoted MoC/Mo2C-M11T700) at a mass ratio of 1 : 1 and a pyrolysis temperature of 700 ℃. This material exhibits a unique needle-like three-dimensional conductive network with abundant multiphase interfaces, effectively promoting interfacial polarization and dielectric loss. Remarkably, at a filler loading of only 30 wt% and a matching thickness of 2.025 mm, the MoC/Mo2C-M11T700 achieves a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -63.61 dB. Its total effective absorption bandwidth over the thickness range of 1– 4 mm (EABtotal) is 12.61 GHz (covering 5.39–18 GHz), demonstrating excellent broadband EWA performance. Furthermore, the material shows good corrosion resistance. This work clarifies the mechanism behind the formation of the dual-phase heterostructure and its influence on electromagnetic parameters, providing a facile and controllable route for developing high-performance, multifunctional molybdenum carbide-based absorbers.

Key words: α-MoC/β-Mo2C, Topotactic transformation, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Corrosion resistance