生物质衍生电磁波吸收材料的宽带衰减：天然禀赋、损耗–匹配协同与多尺度设计

doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100415

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物质衍生电磁波吸收材料利用可再生原料，其固有的通道、纤维网络、成分异质性和可转化的无机相能够支持阻抗匹配、传播控制和多通道损耗。本综述建立了一个从原料到功能的框架，将生物质禀赋、热化学结构演变、电磁响应和宽带设计联系起来。它评估了碳化、杂原子/缺陷工程、功能相复合、活化构筑的孔结构、定向或梯度结构以及三维网络如何调控传导、极化、磁损耗和内部传播。一种代表性体系在2.2 mm厚度下实现了−73.8 dB的最小反射损耗(RL_min)和5.8 GHz的有效吸收带宽(EAB)，而另一种体系在2.25 mm厚度下提供了本文汇总结果中的最大EAB，为13.4 GHz。证据表明，强反射损耗和宽带宽需要厚度依赖的电导率、极化密度、磁响应、孔隙连通性和传播长度的协调，而非最大化单一损耗通道。核心新颖性在于区分继承的天然结构与工程化孔隙/界面，并将它们整合到一个共同的多尺度设计逻辑中。该框架确定了面向原料特性的组分、孔隙和空间结构调控，连同稳定性、可扩展性和器件集成，为材料由实验室性能走向实用宽带吸收提供路径。

关键词: 生物质衍生碳, 电磁波吸收材料, 阻抗匹配, 孔结构调控, 功能相复合, 界面工程

Abstract: Biomass-derived electromagnetic wave absorbers exploit renewable feedstocks whose inherited channels, fibrous networks, compositional heterogeneity, and transformable inorganic phases can support impedance matching, propagation control, and multichannel loss. This review establishes a feedstock-to-function framework linking biomass endowments, thermochemical structural evolution, electromagnetic response, and broadband design. It evaluates how carbonization, heteroatom/defect engineering, functional-phase integration, activation-derived porosity, oriented or gradient architectures, and three-dimensional networks regulate conduction, polarization, magnetic loss, and internal propagation. One representative system achieves a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −73.8 dB together with a 5.8-GHz effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) at 2.2 mm, whereas a distinct system delivers the largest surveyed EAB of 13.4 GHz at 2.25 mm. The evidence shows that strong reflection loss and broad bandwidth require thickness-dependent coordination of conductivity, polarization density, magnetic response, pore connectivity, and propagation length rather than maximizing a single loss channel. The core novelty lies in distinguishing inherited natural structures from engineered pores/interfaces and integrating them within a common multiscale design logic. This framework identifies feedstock-aware composition, pore, and spatial-structure regulation, together with stability, scalability, and device integration, as the route from laboratory performance to practical broadband absorbers.

Key words: Biomass-derived carbon, Electromagnetic wave absorbers, Impedance matching, Pore-structure regulation, Functional-phase compositing, Interface engineering

蒋思宇, 王大双, 娄志超. 生物质衍生电磁波吸收材料的宽带衰减：天然禀赋、损耗–匹配协同与多尺度设计[J]. 物理化学学报 2026, (), 100415. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100415

Siyu Jiang, Dashuang Wang, Zhichao Lou. Biomass-derived electromagnetic wave absorbers for broadband attenuation: natural endowments, loss–matching synergy, and multiscale design[J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 2026, (), 100415. doi: 10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100415

链接本文: https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.1016/j.actphy.2026.100415

https://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V/I/100415

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